Chapter 10 section 1

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A Republican Takes OfficeSetting the Scene

Jefferson was the first Democratic-Republican to take office since the division into political parties. His inauguration was very informal and low-key.

Inauguration banner

President Jefferson

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A Republican Takes OfficeJefferson’s Democratic Style

Jefferson wanted the country to be more democratic. Jefferson believed that each citizen (farmers and businessmen should have a voice in government and play a part in the new nation. People should vote and participate in government.Democratic = ensuring that all people have the same rights (and same opportunities)

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A Republican Takes OfficeJefferson’s Democratic Style

“Educate and inform the whole mass of the people. Enable them to see that it is their interest to preserve peace and order, and they will preserve them… They are the only [ones to rely on] for the preservation of our liberty.”

Jefferson believed that students should learn about the government, how it works, our nation’s history, and the Constitution. If they are well educated about their rights and responsibilities, they will do a good job protecting them. Because of this, Jefferson supported public schools.

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Dress / clothing

INFORMAL VS. FORMAL

Jefferson’s style

Federalist’s Style

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Pg.303A Republican Takes OfficeJefferson’s Democratic Style

Jefferson preferred a more informal style of dressing. Less wigs, more comfortable.

Greeting

INFORMAL VS. FORMAL

Jefferson’s style

Federalist’s Style

handshake bowing

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Jefferson preferred a more informal style of greeting. Less kneeling, hat tipping, and bowing.

President Obama’s Style

President Obama bowing to Saudi King.

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Jefferson’s Inauguration

Speech

Even though we are a majoritynow, I will not treat the Federalistsharshly. Every American, even theminority, posses their equal rights“which equal laws must protect.”In a way, “we are all Republicans,we are all Federalists.” We are allpart of this national governmentchosen by the people. Can’t we alljust get along?

Jefferson tries to reassure the Federalists...

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Following a Precedent

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Pg.303A Republican Takes OfficeA Smaller Role for the Federal Government

New Economic PoliciesThomas Jefferson had different ideas for the economy than the ones put in place by Alexander Hamilton. He wanted a smaller government with less taxes and less workers.

Less… means more...

Less government, more freedom.Less government, more money in the citizen’s pocket instead of in the treasury for the government to spend.

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New Economic PoliciesThomas Jefferson chose Albert Gallatin as his Secretary of the Treasury.

Albert GallatinPresident Jefferson

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New Economic Policies

Albert Gallatin was seen as a financial wizard. He was very good at figuring out the economy and how to make it

work well.

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Albert Gallatin

A financial wizard’s hat?

Professor Jefferson Dumbledore

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Thomas Jefferson Albert Gallatin


The idea of Laissez Faire economic policies are to “let alone” or leave businesses and trade to regulate and control themselves as much as possible. Don’t put tons of government regulations on businesses. Don’t try to control the natural cycle of supply and demand in the economy.

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Thomas Jefferson Albert Gallatin


The idea of Free Market economic policies are to allow businesses to compete fairly and evenly in a market with very little government regulation (like tariffs, duties, and extra taxes) put on products or businesses. Allow the best product at the best price to win in economic competition.

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A Less Active GovernmentGOAL: Reduce the size of the

Government1 Cut the federal budget2 Use Laissez-Faire “hands off policies towards businesses3 Allow the free market economy to work without interference4 Make government departments smaller5 Make the army and navy smaller6 Get rid of the Whiskey Tax which was unpopular with farmers

GOALReduce the size of the

Government

- Cut the federal budget

The budget is the amount of money the government spends each year.

The smaller the budget, the lower the taxes.

The smaller the budget, the less people working for the government.

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A Less Active Government

GOALReduce the size of the Government

Albert Gallatin

Secretary of the Treasury

I would like to cut thefederal budget to makethe government smaller

and taxes lower.

We’ll find ways to cut the budget by eliminatingjobs in the government. We will cut the waste and

unnecessary spending as well. This will help keep thebudget balanced and low. But Mr. Jefferson, I

think we should keep the Bank of the U.S.

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GOAL: Reconcile (fix) Political Party Differences

1 Keep the bank of the U.S. 2 Continue to pay off states’ debts w/ federal tax money.3 Allow many Federalists to keep their jobs in the government.

Reduce the size of the Government

- Cut the federal budget

- Use Laissez-Faire “hands off” policies towards businesses

- Allow the free market economy to work without interference

- Make government departments smaller

- Make the army and navy smaller

- Get rid of the Whiskey Tax which was unpopular with farmers

Reconcile (fix) party differences

- Keep the bank of the U.S.

- Continue to pay off states’ debts w/ federal tax money.

- Allow many Federalists to keep their jobs in the government.

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Jefferson’s Goals

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Pg.304A Republican Takes OfficeStrengthening the Supreme Court

The House of Representatives

The Senate

DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR

F F F F F F DR DR DR DR DR



F F F F F F F F F F F F


The Democratic-Republicans won more seats in both houses of Congress making it

easier for pro-Democratic-Republican and pro-

Jefferson laws to be passed.

After the election of 1800...

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Pg.304A Republican Takes OfficeStrengthening the Supreme Court

Before leaving office, Adams asked the Federalist controlled Congress to create new Federal District Courts. Adams could then appoint

Federalist judges to work at those courts, helping the Federalist Party keep some power in the

Judicial Branch.

Supreme Court

Federal District Courts

New!New! New!

F F F

Strengthening the Supreme CourtMarbury v. Madison

William Marbury

Chief JusticeJohn Marshall

Secretary of State

James Madison

PresidentJefferson

President

Adams

Last minute appointment

To keep power for the Federalists, I willadd more courts and more Federalist judges.

I am supposed tobe a judge. President

Adams said so. I’msuing James Madison

for not deliveringmy appointmentto Congress for

approval.

We will not accept thislast minute “midnight”appointment! Do not

deliver the appointment.

This case should not be in theSupreme Court. This part ofthe Judiciary Act of 1789 isunconstitutional. I find in

favor of James Madison.

I did nothing wrong.I just followed what

the President told meto do.

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An Important Precedent

Supreme Court

Judicial Review

John Marshall’s decision was the first time the Supreme Court reviewed a law and declared part of it unconstitutional. This created the power of Judicial Review.

“The opinion which gives to the judges the right to decide what

laws are constitutional and what not, not only for

themselves … but for the Legislature and Executive also … would make the Judiciary a

[tyrannical] branch”

Even though I got what I wantedI think that this gives the Judicial

Branch too much power. They aremore powerful than Congress and

the President!

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Chapter 10 section 1

Documents

Transcript of Chapter 10 section 1