Chapter 10

Nationalism Triumphs in Europe 1800-1914

Essential Question: What effects did nationalism and the demand for reform have in Europe?

Essential Questions:

How does Bismarck unify Germany?How is the new German empire organized

politically?How did Germany become an industrial giant?Why was Bismarck called the Iron Chancellor?What were the policies of Kaiser William II?

Section 1: Building a German NationSection 2: Germany Strengthens

Terms and People

• Otto von Bismarck – a leader from Prussia who succeeding in unifying German-speaking states under Prussian rule

• chancellor – the highest official of a monarch

• Realpolitik – realistic politics based on the needs of the state

• annex – to take control of, usually referring to land

• kaiser – emperor• Reich – German empire• Kulturkampf – the “battle for civilization” in

which Bismarck took several measures to make Catholics put loyalty to the state above allegiance to the Church

• William II – the kaiser of Germany beginning in 1888, who asked Bismarck to resign

• social welfare – programs to help certain groups of people in a society

1. He dissolved the Holy Roman Empire.

2. He organized several German states into the Rhine Confederation.

3. He made trade easier in the region.

German-speaking people fought together to free themselves from French rule and began to consider creating a united German state.

Napoleon’s invasions into German-speaking states produced changes in these territories.

Creating a united Germany was difficult.

• It required dissolving the small governments of each German state.

• Instead, leaders created a weak alliance called the German Confederation.

• Prussia created an economic union in the 1830s called the Zollverein, but Germany remained fragmented politically.

Independent German States 1860s

He became prime minister in 1862, then rose to chancellor.

Bismarck was determined to unite Germany under Prussian rule and used a policy of “blood and iron” to do so.

This changed when Otto von Bismarck rose to power in Prussia.

**Activity: Read “Blood and Iron” speech

"Otto von Bismarck." Image. Perry-Castaneda Library. World History: The Modern Era. ABC-CLIO, 2014. Web. 11 Mar. 2014.