Chapter 10 Geography of Mexico What is the difference between Mexico’s four coastal regions?
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Transcript of Chapter 10 Geography of Mexico What is the difference between Mexico’s four coastal regions?
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Chapter 10Geography of Mexico
What is the difference between Mexico’s four coastal regions?
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Hernan Cortes
• Spanish explorer who conquered Mexico• Described physical features of Mexico as:– Crumpled piece of paper example
• Mountain ranges – – Sierra Madre Occidental –western coast– Sierra Madre Oriental – eastern coast– Plateau (area of high, flat land) lies between
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The Heartland Region
• Natural Hazards– Central plateau is geologically unstable
–Mexico is located at the intersection of four tectonic plates – North American, Caribbean, Pacific, and Cocos plates
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• Climate Factors– Low precipitation to the north, moderate
to the south
– Higher elevation keeps temperatures mild, even though it is in the tropics
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The Four Coastal Regions
1. Northern Pacific Coast
– Dry, hot, and little population
– Some of countries best farmlands – because of irrigation
– Baja California – mostly mountainous desert
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2. Southern Pacific Coast
– Smaller mountain ranges
– Little farmland
– Large tourism business
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3. Gulf Coast Plain
– Vast deposits of petroleum and natural gas along the lain and offshore
– One of world’s major oil-producing regions
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4. The Yucatan Peninsula
– Generally flat
– Limestone bedrock that creates underground caverns
– Landscape is dotted with sinkholes
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A Place of Three Cultures
What are the three cultures that help make up modern Mexico?
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Plaza de las Tres Culturas
– The Three Cultures – is located on the site of an Aztec center that fell to the Spanish in a 1521 battle
– In the center there are restored ruins of an Aztec temple pyramid• One side has a 1609 Spanish church• Another side has twin office buildings of glass
and concrete• A busy eight-lane highway runs past the plaza• http://sobreturismo.es/2008/08/27/tlatelolco-lu
gar-de-una-matanza/
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3 Cultures
1. Native American2. Spanish3. mestizo
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Aztecs and Spaniards
• Early 1400’s, Aztec capital city of Tenochtitlan was center of an empire– Built on an island in a lake, current site
of Mexico City
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• The Spanish Conquest– Hernan Cortes, with 600 soldiers,
marched into Tenochtitlan in 1519
– Spaniards destroyed the Aztec empire within 2 years
– Became colony of New Spain
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• New Spain – Four social classes emerged
1. Peninsulares – born in Spain2. Criollos – Spanish ancestry born in America3. Mestizos – mix of Native American and
Europeans4. Indians – Native to America
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Road to Democracy
What events led to the eventual development of Democracy in Mexico?
• Resentment between classes–Miguel Hidalgo – a criollo priest– Sparked a war for independence
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• Independence did not mean democracy– 100 years to achieve democracy
– End of 1800’s, Mexico stable enough to attract foreign capital and industry• Oil reserves developed
– Gap between rich and poor grew even bigger
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• The Mexican Revolution– 1910, peasants and middle-class Mexicans
rebelled, standing up to the military dictator
– By 1920, a new president and a new constitution
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Social Conditions
• Rural Life – After the revolution, the government began
program of buying out landowners and breaking up large haciendas – land redistribution
– Ejidos – farmland owned by members of a rural community practiced subsistence farming
– 1/3 of Mexican farms are latifundios (large commercial farms)
– 3-4 million rural families are migrant workers
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• Urban Life – ¾ of Mexico’s population live in cities
– Better opportunity for jobs
– Majority of people are very poor
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Economic Activities
• 1993, NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) was designed to compete with the European Union, a free-trade network in Europe
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• Major Industries1. Petroleum
2. Tourism – the “smokeless industry”
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• Border Industries– Maquiladoras- factories that assemble products
almost exclusively for consumers in the U.S.
• Responsible for large amount of air and water pollution