Chapter 10 – Definitions KEY
Transcript of Chapter 10 – Definitions KEY
Chapter 10 – Definitions KEY
1. formed elements Cells in blood; include: RBCs, WBCs, and platelets
2. oxyhemoglobin When hemoglobin in the RBCs carried oxygen (HbO2)
3. reduced hemoglobin When hemoglobin in the RBCs carries hydrogen ions (HHb)
4. heme Part of a hemoglobin that contains iron
5. clotting Process that involved stopping blood flow (platelets do this)
6. platelets Formed element that is involved in clotting
7. fibrinogen Not On Test – involved in clotting
8. thrombin Not On Test – involved in clotting
9. fibrin Not On Test – involved in clotting
10. serum Not On Test – is the plasma without proteins
11. granulocytes Granular WBCs include neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
12. agranulocytes WBCs without granules include lymphocytes, monocytes
13. antigens Used in cell identity to identify RBC blood types, bacteria and viruses
14. antibodies Formed by our immune system to fight antigens
15. inflammatory reaction Not On Test – involves basophils and eosinophils in an immune
response with histamine and vasodilation
16. mononucleosis Not On Test – a viral infection commonly called MONO
17. phagocytosis The process involved in the WBC engulfing and digesting the bacteria
and viruses
18. macrophages Same as above
19. bradykinin Not On Test – involved in inflammation
20. histamine Not On Test – involved in inflammation
21. pus Not On Test – formed from bacterial infections and consists of WBCs
and bacteria
22. agglutination Describes clotting and clumping of RBCs; occurs when different blood
types mix with the same antibody
23. Rh factor Is a protein factor in the blood and if a person has it, their blood type is
positive, without the Rh factor, their blood type is negative
24. fetal erythroblastosis When the blood of a Rh positive fetus mixes with the Rh negative
mother and the mothers antibodies against Rh attack the fetal
blood
25. blood Blood is blood?
Formed elements and plasma in a fluid that is transported throughout
the body in vessels. 26. Arterioles Smallest part of arteries just before capillaries
27. arterial duct The vessel connection between the pulmonary trunk and aorta in a fetus used to bypass the lungs
28. atria Upper chambers of the heart where venous blood enters the heart (receiving chambers)
29. atrioventricular node AV node receives signal from SA node and transmits the electrical impulse through the AV bundle branches and purkinje fibers to cause atrial contractions
30. Capillaries One-cell thick allow for nutrient, waste and gas exchange between blood and tissues; extremely high surface area and lowest velocity of blood
31. cholesterol A steroid molecule regulated by the liver and used to make other steroid hormones. Can accumulate in arteries causing hardening and clots
32. diastole The relaxation phase of the atria and/or ventricles
33. diastolic blood pressure
80 mmHg measured in the arteries when the heart (or left ventricle) is relaxed
34. heart attack When the coronary artery is blocked and due to a lack of Oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium, that part of the muscle begins to die
35. hypertension High BP, greater than 120/80 (usually higher than 135/90 is abnormal)
36. hypotension Low BP, less than 120/80 (usually lower than 110/70 is abnormal)
37. intrinsic heartbeat When the SA node initiates the heart beat; controlled by this SA node pacemaker
38. lacteal In the villi of the intestine where fats in the form of lipoproteins are absorbed
39. Lymph The fluid that is transported in lymphatic system; contains water/tissue fluid, fats, WBCs, antibodies, bacteria and viruses
40. Lymph nodes Part of the lymphatic system that increases production of antibodies and WBCs during an immune response (can swell to indicate infection process)
41. lymphocytes Agranular WBCs responsible for the antibody production during an immune response
42. nodal tissue Tissue that consists of both nervous and muscle tissue in the heart (SA and AV node)
43. oval opening Hole between the right and left atria of a fetus to help bypass the lungs
44. pacemaker node SA node that initiates the heart beat by causing atrial contraction
45. placenta Consists of maternal and fetal tissue that helps with the exchange of nutrients, wastes and gases between the mother and fetus so the fetus is provided with nutrients and oxygen but can have wastes and carbon dioxide removed
46. pulmonary circulation Blood circulation that travels through the lungs; pulm. Arteries are deoxygenated and pulm. Veins are oxygenated
47. septum Separates the right and left sides of the heart
48. sinoatrial node SA nodes known as the pacemaker sends a signal through the atria to cause atrial contraction. Controlled by the medulla oblongata
49. spleen Part of the lymphatic system and stores and cleans blood as well as destroys old RBCs
50. stroke When there is a clot in an artery of the brain causing brain tissue to die due to a lack of oxygen and nutrients
51. systemic circulation Blood flow that travels throughout the entire body except the lungs. Systemic arteries are oxygenated and veins are deoxygenated.
52. systole Contraction of the atria and/or ventricles
53. systolic blood pressure
120 mmHg is a measurement of the left ventricle contracting and the pressure generated in the arteries
54. thoracic duct A duct that collects lymph from the body and passes it to the major lymph vessel that transport it to the subclavian veins
55. thymus gland Part of the lymphatic system where WBCs and antibodies are matured
56. umbilical arteries Carry waste and carbon dioxide away from the fetus and to the placenta for exchange
57. venous duct Connection between the umbilical vein and inferior vena cava in the fetus to allow the nutrients and oxygen to enter fetal circulation and to bypass the liver
58. ventricles Lower pumping chambers of the heart that receive blood from the atria but pump blood into the arteries.
59. Venules The smallest parts of the veins right after the capillaries as blood is travelling back to the heart.
Ch10 Page 2
Use the words in the box to fill in the blanks. veins
arteries nutrients
capillaries away
transport oxygen energy
dark heat
circulatory lungs
carbon dioxide bright
to
blood heart
pumped intestine
atmosphere
All animals need to __transport_ materials around to the different parts of their body. This is the job of the _circulatory__ system. The circulatory system consists of a liquid called __blood__, a pump called the __heart__ and a series of vessels called __arteries___ and __veins__.
One thing that must be transported around is a gas called _oxygen_. Oxygen enters the blood through the __lungs__. It is then __pumped__ through the heart and around the body where it is used along with food to make __energy__. The body produces another gas called __carbon dioxide_, which is a waste product. This gas is carried back to the heart and then to the lungs where it is released back into the __atmosphere__.
The vessels that transport blood _away_ from the heart are called arteries. The blood in arteries is _bright_ red because it is rich in oxygen. The vessels that transport blood _towards__ the heart are called veins. The blood in veins is __dark__ red because it is low in oxygen. _capillaries__ are small vessels that join the arteries and veins.
_nutrients__ from food are also transported around the body by the circulatory system. They enter the blood from the small __intestine__. The circulatory system also helps to regulate temperature by transporting __heat__ around the body.
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