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Chapter 10: Connecting Networks

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Connecting Networks

Layer 1 connections (physical)Layer 1 connections (physical)Layer 2 connections (link)Layer 3 connections (network)Layer 7 connections (application)

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Layer 1: Repeaters

Repeaters

Frame re transmissionFrame re-transmissionConnecting two LAN’s onlySignal regenerationThe same collision domainN bilit t t t lNo ability to execute any protocols

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Layer 1: Hubs

Hubs

Multiport repeatersMultiport repeatersSame functions as repeaters

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Layer 2: Bridges

Bridges

Connecting two LAN’s onlyConnecting two LAN s onlyBetter securitySeparation of collision domains Ability to excecute Layer 2 protocols:

d t ti- error detection- frame formatting- frame routing

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Bridge Routing Tables

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Two Bridges Connecting 2 LAN’s

Multiple LAN’s with Loops

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Switches

Multiport bridgesMultiport bridgesSame basic functions as bridges

Connections Using Hubs and Switches

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Connections Using Only Switches

Example Arrangment

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Virtual LAN’s

VLAN’s across Switches

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Layer 3 Connections

Generalized Network Topology

Layer 3: Routers

Applicable to WAN’s routingApplicable to WAN s routingEmploy sophisiticated algorithms and tables for routing decisions

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Connection Costs

Partial Routing Tables

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Routing Matrix

Distributed Routing: No Central Control

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Domains in Hierarchical Routing

Hierarchical Arrangement of Domain Nodes