Chapter 10 Chemical Compounds Ch 10 Sec 1: Ionic and Covalent Compounds
Vocabulary ionic compound covalent compound Ionic Compounds Ionic compound formed from ionic bonds
Formed from metal and non-metal Ionic Compounds Properties Brittleness
Due to crystal lattice structure Ionic Compounds Properties High melting points Due to strong bonds
Ionic compounds solid at room temp Ionic Compounds Properties Solubility and Electrical Conductivity
Ions of the compound want to bond with water, so they break apart Since positive and negative ions are in water, the water solution conducts electricity now. Covalent Compounds Formed from covalent bonds
Non-metal and non-metal bonding together Sharing valence electrons Covalent Compounds Properties Most are not soluble in water
Oil and water Covalent Compounds Properties Low melting points
Weaker bonds, so easier to break Covalent Compounds Properties Electrical Conductivity
Most are NOT conductive Some do form ions when dissolved in water Ch 10 Sec 2: Acids and Bases Vocabulary acid indicator base Acids and their Properties
Sour taste Changes the color of indicators Litmus test paper Bromthmol blue Litmus = standard to judge against React with metals Acids and their Properties
Conducts electric Current Breaks apart in water Forms ions Ions have charges Acids and their Properties
Uses of Acids Sulfuric acid: paper, paint, detergent, fertilizers Nitric acid:fertilizer, rubber, plastic Hydrochloric acid:swimming pool cleaner, separates metals Citric acid: juices and soda Acetic acid: vinegar Bases and their Properties
Bases have. bitter taste Slippery feel Conduct electricity Bases and their properties
Change color of an indicator Base:Red paper blue Bases and Their Properties
Uses of Bases Soap and most cleaners Paper Drain cleaner Bleach toothpaste Antacids Ch 10 Sec 3: Solutions of acid & bases
Vocabulary neutralization reaction pH salt Strengths of Acids and Bases
Strong Versus Weak Acid Strength refers to number of molecules that break apart when dissolved in water Strong acids break apart more than weak acids Forms H ion Strong bases break apart more than weak bases Forms OH ion Acids, Bases, and Neutralization
Reaction between acid and base is a neutralization reaction Waterand saltis formed Acids, Bases, and Neutralization
pH Scale potential of hydronium ion( acid ) 1to6.9 = acid 7 = neutral 7.1 to 14 =base Acids, Bases, and Neutralization
pH affects the environment some plants need acid (pine trees) Some plants need basic soil (lettuce) Most water animals need neutral pH Acid rain has pH of Salts By product of acid/base reaction
Salt = positive ions from a metal with negative ions from a non metal