Chapter 10Chapter 10

America’s Economic America’s Economic RevolutionRevolution

The Changing American PopulationThe Changing American Population

1790 = 4 million1790 = 4 million 1820 = 10 million1820 = 10 million 1830 = 13 million1830 = 13 million 1840 = 17 million1840 = 17 million

Why Such Growth?Why Such Growth?

1. Public health is improved1. Public health is improved 2. High birth rate – By 1840, white 2. High birth rate – By 1840, white

women bore 6.14 childrenwomen bore 6.14 children

In 1790 – 1 in 30 lived in the cityIn 1790 – 1 in 30 lived in the city In 1820 – 1 in 20 lived in the cityIn 1820 – 1 in 20 lived in the city In 1840 – 1 in 12 lived in the cityIn 1840 – 1 in 12 lived in the city

Rise of NativismRise of Nativism

Tensions grew due to increased flow Tensions grew due to increased flow of immigrantsof immigrants

The Supreme Order of the Star-The Supreme Order of the Star-Spangled Banner – banning Spangled Banner – banning Catholics, literacy testsCatholics, literacy tests

Know-Nothing PartyKnow-Nothing Party

TransportationTransportation

Canal Age led to the ability to move Canal Age led to the ability to move goods up and down the many river goods up and down the many river systems in the North.systems in the North.

4 horses could haul 1.5 tons 18 miles 4 horses could haul 1.5 tons 18 miles a day by landa day by land

4 horses could haul 100 tons 24 4 horses could haul 100 tons 24 miles a day by canalmiles a day by canal

Erie Canal was the best exampleErie Canal was the best example

RailroadsRailroads

Early railroads played a secondary Early railroads played a secondary role in the early 1800srole in the early 1800s

1836 – about 1,000 miles of track in 1836 – about 1,000 miles of track in 11 states11 states

1840 – about 2,818 miles 1840 – about 2,818 miles End of 1840 – 9,000 milesEnd of 1840 – 9,000 miles

CommunicationCommunication

Telegraph allowed innovations in Telegraph allowed innovations in communications and journalismcommunications and journalism

Telegraph lines next to railroad linesTelegraph lines next to railroad lines Invented by Samuel Morse in 1844Invented by Samuel Morse in 1844 By 1860 more than 50,000 miles ran By 1860 more than 50,000 miles ran

across the nationacross the nation Richard Hoe invented the Rolling Richard Hoe invented the Rolling

Printing PressPrinting Press

Commerce and IndustryCommerce and Industry

Corporations had the advantage of Corporations had the advantage of combining resources, shareholders, combining resources, shareholders, and raw material to create products and raw material to create products and profitand profit

In 1840 – total value of manufactured In 1840 – total value of manufactured goods was 483 milliongoods was 483 million

1850 – 1 billion1850 – 1 billion 1860 – 2 billion1860 – 2 billion

Coal replaced wood as fuelCoal replaced wood as fuel 14 million tons by 186014 million tons by 1860 Factories could now be anyplaceFactories could now be anyplace Goodyear invents RubberGoodyear invents Rubber Singer Sewing MachineSinger Sewing Machine

Men and Women at WorkMen and Women at Work

Mid-Atlantic area – whole families Mid-Atlantic area – whole families would come to work for the factory.would come to work for the factory.

Factory owners would then buy the Factory owners would then buy the farm so that they could not go back farm so that they could not go back to the farmto the farm

Lowell or Waltham SystemLowell or Waltham System

Factories would bring young ladies to Factories would bring young ladies to the factorythe factory

Women would live in dormitoriesWomen would live in dormitories Learn skills and be paidLearn skills and be paid Young men would come to work at Young men would come to work at

the factory the factory Marry and settle downMarry and settle down

American FactoriesAmerican Factories

Most American factories were better Most American factories were better than their English counterpartsthan their English counterparts

Labor Unions (Guilds) formed to help Labor Unions (Guilds) formed to help workers control their environment workers control their environment and benefitsand benefits

PayPay

Skilled males – $4-10 per weekSkilled males – $4-10 per week Unskilled males - $1-6 per weekUnskilled males - $1-6 per week Women/Children – less Women/Children – less

Labor UnionsLabor Unions

Commonwealth v. Hunt (1842)Commonwealth v. Hunt (1842) Massachusetts Supreme Court Ruled Massachusetts Supreme Court Ruled

labor unions legal and could labor unions legal and could continue. Ruled that unions could continue. Ruled that unions could strikestrike