Chapter 1-Understanding Social Studies Lesson 2-Tools of Geography.
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Transcript of Chapter 1-Understanding Social Studies Lesson 2-Tools of Geography.
![Page 1: Chapter 1-Understanding Social Studies Lesson 2-Tools of Geography.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697c0121a28abf838ccc286/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 1-Understanding Social Studies
Lesson 2-Tools of Geography
![Page 2: Chapter 1-Understanding Social Studies Lesson 2-Tools of Geography.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697c0121a28abf838ccc286/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What is Geography?
• Geography-is the study of the Earth, it natural features, its
people, and the ways they interact.
• Parts of Geography:
Landforms
Water systems
Climates
Natural resources
Human beings
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Places and Experiences:
• Landforms- natural features of the land that make it unique.
Beach
Mountain range
• Climate- general weather pattern of a place over time.
Beach = breezy, sunny, humid
Mountain range = hot, dry
What is Geography?
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Places and Experiences:
• Urban- living or working in the city.
• Rural- Living or working in the
country.
• Potential- likely, possible.
What is Geography?
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Five Themes of Geography:
• Location describes the position of a place on Earth.
Absolute Location- the physical location of a place.
Pearland, TX 29°33′16″N 95°17′45″W
Relative Location- the location of a place in relationship
to other places or features.
Pearland Jr. High East is located on Old Alvin Rd. next to St.
Helen Catholic Church.
What is Geography?
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Five Themes of Geography:
• Place is a geographic location, such as city or a town and its
physical or human characteristics. (natural landmark, buildings,
and roads)
• Regions are areas that share common characteristics (Gulf Coast
Plains- flat land, tall grass, 50” rain per year, hot and humid)
What is Geography?
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Five Themes of Geography:
• Movement refers to the study of how and why people,
and things move.
• Human Environment Interaction is how the natural
environment has affected humans and how people
adapt and use their surroundings.
What is Geography?
![Page 8: Chapter 1-Understanding Social Studies Lesson 2-Tools of Geography.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697c0121a28abf838ccc286/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Using Globes and Maps
•A globe is a round model of
the Earth that shows its
shape, lands, and directions
as they truly relate to one
another.
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Using Globes and Maps
The Prime Meridian divides the Earth
into Eastern and Western
Hemispheres.
• Everything east of the Prime Meridian
for 180 degrees is in the Eastern
Hemisphere.
• Everything west of the Prime
Meridian for 180 degrees is in the
Western Hemisphere.
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Using Globes and Maps
The Equator divides the Earth into
Northern and Southern
Hemispheres.
• Everything north of the Equator is
in the Northern Hemisphere.
• Everything south of the Equator is
in the Southern Hemisphere.
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Using Globes and MapsLatitude:• Lines of latitude are imaginary circles that run east to west around the
globe.
• Known as parallels.
• These parallels divide the globe into units called degrees.
• The Equator circles the middle of the Earth like a belt.
• It is located halfway between the North and South Poles.
• The Equator is 0° latitude.
• The letter N or S that follows the degree symbol tells
you if the location is north or south of the Equator.
• The North Pole is 90°N (north) latitude.
• The South Pole is at 90°S (south) latitude.
![Page 12: Chapter 1-Understanding Social Studies Lesson 2-Tools of Geography.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697c0121a28abf838ccc286/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Using Globes and Maps
Longitude:• Lines of longitude run from the North Pole to the South
Pole.
• Known as meridians.
• The Prime Meridian is 0° longitude.
• It runs through Greenwich, England.
• It is also called the Meridian of Greenwich.
• The letter E or W that follows the degree symbol tells you
if the location is east or west of the Prime Meridian.
• On the opposite side of the Earth is the 180° meridian,
also known as the International Date Line.
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Using Globes and Maps
Using Maps:• Map is a flat drawing of all or part of the Earth’s
surface.
• Cartographers, or mapmakers, use mathematical
formulas to transfer information from the round
globe to a flat map.
• When the Earth’s surface is flattened on a map, big
gaps open up.
• Mapmakers stretch parts of the Earth to show
either the correct shapes of places or their correct
sizes.
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Using Globes and Maps
Globes and Maps:
Globes and maps serve
different purposes, and
each has advantages
and
disadvantages.
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Using Globes and Maps
Types of Maps:• Physical Map-
shows the physical
features of an area.
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Using Globes and Maps
Types of Maps:• Political Map- shows the names
and boundaries of political
entities, along with cities,
counties, etc.
• Entity- something that exists
as its own unit; anything that is
real.
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Using Globes and Maps
Types of Maps:
• Thematic Map- shows
specific topic in detail.
Examples include: climate,
vegetation, natural
resources, population
density, historical
expansions.
![Page 18: Chapter 1-Understanding Social Studies Lesson 2-Tools of Geography.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697c0121a28abf838ccc286/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Using Globes and Maps
Types of Maps:
• Age Distribution- the structure
of a population according to age.
• Growth Rate- speed at which a
population grows.