Chapter 1 Treaty of Versailles
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Transcript of Chapter 1 Treaty of Versailles
CHAPTER 1 – TREATY OF VERSAILLES
LESSON OBJECTIVES
Paris Peace ConferenceJigsaw Activity!
Treaty of Versailles Terms
PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE1919
THE SETTING
PALACE OF VERSAILLES
PALACE OF VERSAILLES
PALACE OF VERSAILLES
Louis XIV
The Sun King
PALACE OF VERSAILLES
Hall of Mirrors
THE CONFERENCE
VIDEO
WHY DID I SHOW YOU THE VIDEO?
Appreciate the existence of different points of viewWhen you look at a particular event from
different perspectives, you will notice different things
TAKE A LOOK AGAIN
PERSPECTIVE-TAKING
When you look at an event from different perspectives, you get a better appreciation of it!
BACKGROUND
War ended in November 1918 when Germany agreed to sign an armisticeGermany didn’t feel that it had been
defeated and expected to be consulted on the terms of the treaty However, Germany was not invited to the Paris Peace
Conference
An armistice is a formal agreement of warring parties to stop fighting.
JIGSAW ACTIVITY
Look at pages 6-7Take 3 mins to look at what each
power wanted from the Conference and why3A6 - USA3A7 – France3A8 - Britain3A9 - Italy
Lloyd GeorgePrime Minister
Britain
WHAT THE ALLIES SAID THEY WANTED
“…the settlement should be considered a basis of accommodation and change , rather than fulfillment and repression.”
“…If Germany felt she has been unjustly treated in the peace of 1919 she will find means of exacting retribution from her conquerors”
How do you think the British Prime Minister Lloyd George wanted to treat Germany?
The British Prime minister would have wanted to treat Germany fairly because he was afraid that “if Germany felt she has been unjustly treated in the peace of 1919 she will find means of exacting retribution from her conquerors”.
WHAT THE ALLIES SAID THEY WANTED
French president, Georges Clemenceau felt that the treaty had to be strict.
“I have not decided how this will be accomplished. I beg you to understand my feelings, as I am trying to understand yours. America is far away, protected by an ocean. Britain could not be reached even by Napoleon himself. You are, both of you are, sheltered, we are not”
How do you think the French President Clemenceau would have wanted to treat Germany?
He would have wanted to weaken Germany so as to prevent Germany from attacking France again since France had no natural protection from Germany. This can be seen from “America is far away, protected by an ocean. Britain could not be reached even by Napoleon himself. You are, both of you are, sheltered, we are not”.
• The Anglo-Japanese alliance drew Japan into WWI.
• Japan wanted to be seen as a world power and to gain control over German possessions in Asia and the Pacific.
Give us what we deserve…
LET’S HEAR FROM YOU…
TERMS OF THE TOV
THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES (1919) …A "TREATY TO END ALL WARS."
WHAT’S THE MESSAGE OF THIS CARTOON?
TO WHAT EXTENT WAS THE TOV A FAIR TREATY?Inquiry Question
GARGLS !!
THINK LIKE A GERMAN!!
GUILT CLAUSE
Germany had to accept blame for causing WWI
Guilty pay reparations!!
Why?Ensure that Germany would be punished
for the damage that had been done during WWI.
ARMED FORCES AND NAVAL RESTRICTIONS
Rhineland demilitarised - Impact?
Germany’s army reduced to 100,000 soldiers Conscription prohibited
ARMED FORCES AND NAVAL RESTRICTIONS
Why?
Germany would never be able to build up a large reserve force, which it could call up in the event of war.
Weak German military =Less able to start a war
REPARATIONS
REPARATIONS
Germany had to pay for the damages caused by the war
269 billion gold Reichmarks – paid through ongoing payments and through the surrender of coal and other resources
REPARATIONS
Why?They needed money to repair the
damage done during WWI, and since they held Germany responsible for the War, Germany had to fund the repairs.
Effect?Slow recovery,
resentment
GERMAN TERRITORIAL LOSSES
Rhineland demilitarised
Alsace-Lorraine returned to France
Saar to be run by League of Nations until 1934 – all profits from the industries to be given to France
GERMAN TERRITORIAL LOSSES
Austria and Germany not allowed to unite
GERMAN TERRITORIAL LOSSES
‘Polish Corridor’ created – East Prussia separated from rest of Germany
Germany lost all coloniesAfrica – divided
between Britain and France
Asia-Pac – most given up to Japan
Why?Make Germany weakerAllies would benefit from the
land, people and resources that they would gain by taking over these territories.
GERMAN TERRITORIAL LOSSES
LEAGUE OF NATIONS (LON) League of Nations (LON) was to be
establishedWhy?
Prevent future armed conflicts by giving countries opportunities to resolve their disputes without going to war
SELF-DETERMINATION
Principle of Self-Determination called for the creation of independent nation states for the various ethnic groups within Central Europe
Why?They wanted to give people who shared a
common culture, history and language the right to form and run their own country.
SELF-DETERMINATION
9 new states created. What were they? Compare the two maps.
SELF-DETERMINATION
Problem with self-determination:The idea was difficult to put in place as
the different ethnic groups intermingled and this made it impossible to form states with only one ethnic group
RESPONSES TO THE TOV
THINK-PAIR-SHARE (3 MINS)
If you were a German in 1919, how would you feel about the Treaty’s terms?
Look at the terms
Many in Germany were angry and humiliated at being made to sign the TOV. They felt that the treaty was too harsh and unfair.
Sections of the population even felt that the German representatives who signed the treaty had ‘stabbed Germany in the back’
HOMEWORK
Look