Chapter 1: The Historical Jesus The Historical Jesus The Historical Jesus.
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Transcript of Chapter 1: The Historical Jesus The Historical Jesus The Historical Jesus.
Chapter 1:Chapter 1:The Historical Jesus
HomeworkHomework• ((due Weds., 2/13due Weds., 2/13) Read pp. 22-27; ) Read pp. 22-27;
RQs, p 27RQs, p 27• (due Thurs., 2/14)(due Thurs., 2/14) “Primary “Primary
Source Analysis” worksheet Source Analysis” worksheet (complete Review (complete Review andand Reflection Reflection sections)sections)
• (due Fri., 2/15)(due Fri., 2/15) QUIZ on “Case for QUIZ on “Case for Christ” worksheetChrist” worksheet
• ((due Weds., 3/13) due Weds., 3/13) Read pp. 27-Read pp. 27-34; RQs p. 34 & view VT lecture: 34; RQs p. 34 & view VT lecture: The Scriptures & JesusThe Scriptures & Jesus
HomeworkHomework• (due Mon., 3/18)(due Mon., 3/18) Watch 3 of any Watch 3 of any
remaining segments of remaining segments of The Lost Gospels and write 1 pg:and write 1 pg:– What about this issue is controversial? What about this issue is controversial?
Why? Why?– Do these gospels meet the 3 criteria Do these gospels meet the 3 criteria
for “canonicity” (see p. 34, RQ # 8)for “canonicity” (see p. 34, RQ # 8)– What sayings/teachings were contrary What sayings/teachings were contrary
to the 4 canonical Gospels?to the 4 canonical Gospels?– Are these gospels authentic? Why/not?Are these gospels authentic? Why/not?
HomeworkHomework• (due Tues., 3/19) (due Tues., 3/19) Read pp. 35-Read pp. 35-
39; RQs, p. 3939; RQs, p. 39• (due Weds., 3/20) (due Weds., 3/20) Read pp. Read pp.
39-48; RQs, p. 4839-48; RQs, p. 48• (due ., /)(due ., /) Read p. 38 on Read p. 38 on Lectio Lectio
Divina, Divina, and list & explain and list & explain (briefly) the steps .(briefly) the steps .
HomeworkHomework• (due Thurs., 3/21) (due Thurs., 3/21) Review:Review:
– Chapter 1 RQs & PPt notesChapter 1 RQs & PPt notes– ““Chap. Summary Points”, p. 49Chap. Summary Points”, p. 49
• (Mon., 3/25) (Mon., 3/25) TEST on Chapter TEST on Chapter 11
Did Jesus exist?Did Jesus exist?• Biblical and Biblical and
“extra-biblical” “extra-biblical” evidenceevidence
• 4 non-Christian 4 non-Christian historians historians mention Jesus:mention Jesus:– TacitusTacitus– SuetoniusSuetonius– Pliny the Pliny the
YoungerYounger– Josephus FlaviusJosephus Flavius
Presenters must cover:Presenters must cover:• Basic indentificationBasic indentification• Source of writingSource of writing• Details re: Details re:
Jesus/ChristiansJesus/Christians• Other important Other important
infoinfo• Reflect: What does Reflect: What does
___ say that is ___ say that is important to our important to our knowledge of the knowledge of the “historical” Jesus?“historical” Jesus?
““Testament”?Testament”?
= pact, agreement, covenant= pact, agreement, covenant
OT made thru Moses > JewsOT made thru Moses > Jews
NT “ “ Jesus > All NT “ “ Jesus > All PeoplesPeoples
Bible divided into:Bible divided into:
Bible divided into:Bible divided into:
Old TestamentOld Testament
Bible divided into:Bible divided into:
Old TestamentOld Testament
New TestamentNew Testament
O.T. divided into:O.T. divided into:
NT (27)
OT
O.T. divided into:O.T. divided into:
NT (27)
Torah(5)
OT
O.T. divided into:O.T. divided into:
NT (27)
Torah(5)
OTHistorica
l(18)
O.T. divided into:O.T. divided into:
NT (27)
Torah(5)
OTHistorica
l(18)
Prophetic(16)
O.T. divided into:O.T. divided into:
NT (27)
Torah(5)
OTHistorica
l(18)
(46)Prophetic
(16)
Wisdom(7)
N.T. divided into:N.T. divided into:
NT
OT
N.T. divided into:N.T. divided into:
Gospels(4)
NT
OT
N.T. divided into:N.T. divided into:
Gospels(4)
Acts(1)
NT
OT
N.T. divided into:N.T. divided into:
Gospels(4)
Acts(1)
NT
Letters(21)
OT
N.T. divided into:N.T. divided into:
Gospels(4)
Acts(1)
NT
Letters(21)
(27)
Revelation
(1)
OT
Complete Structure of Complete Structure of BibleBible
Gospels(4)
Acts(1)
NT
Letters(21)
(27)
Revelation
(1)
Torah(5)
OTHistorica
l(18)
(46)Prophetic
(16)
Wisdom(7)
Deutero-canonical Deutero-canonical booksbooks
Deutero-canonical Books = 7 Books Deutero-canonical Books = 7 Books accepted by Catholic Church…Why?accepted by Catholic Church…Why?
from Alexandrian Canonfrom Alexandrian Canon
The AC based on The AC based on Septuagint,Septuagint, Greek OT Greek OT
Jesus & apostles knew, read & Jesus & apostles knew, read & accepted accepted SeptuagintSeptuagint..
These books not found in versions These books not found in versions of Bible based on older Hebrew of Bible based on older Hebrew canoncanon
Deutero-canonical Deutero-canonical booksbooks
1.1. TobitTobit2.2. JudithJudith3.3. WisdomWisdom4.4. SirachSirach5.5. BaruchBaruch6.6. 1 Maccabees1 Maccabees7.7. 2 Maccabees2 Maccabees
(also parts of Esther & Daniel)(also parts of Esther & Daniel)
Biblical Inspiration Biblical Inspiration defined:defined:
Principle Author= God (Holy Principle Author= God (Holy Spirit)Spirit)
H. Sp. guided human authors H. Sp. guided human authors to write, in their own style, to write, in their own style, words, etc. the truth He was words, etc. the truth He was revealing to themrevealing to them
See Pope Leo XIII quote from See Pope Leo XIII quote from Providentissimus DeusProvidentissimus Deus
How?How?
Bible on InspirationBible on Inspiration
In OT:In OT:Isaiah 8:1Isaiah 8:1
Wisdom 7:15Wisdom 7:15
In NT:In NT:2 Peter 1: 20-212 Peter 1: 20-21
Theories of InspirationTheories of Inspiration
Divine DictationDivine Dictation Writer = robotWriter = robot
Negative AssistanceNegative Assistance Spirit = Spirit = watchdogwatchdog
Positive AssistancePositive Assistance Spirit & Spirit & writer =teamwriter =team
Tradition on InspirationTradition on Inspiration
Early Church Fathers (writers Early Church Fathers (writers in period after NT times)in period after NT times)
Official Church Official Church pronouncements throughout pronouncements throughout historyhistory
Extent of InspirationExtent of Inspiration
Pope Leo XIII in Pope Leo XIII in P.D.P.D.: Bible : Bible in all in all its partsits parts is inspired is inspired (not just “faith & (not just “faith & morals”)morals”)
Whole Bible= Word Whole Bible= Word of God… but…of God… but…
Inspired truth not= Inspired truth not= literalliteral truth truth
““Inerrancy” of Inerrancy” of ScriptureScripture
Scientific Scientific errors?errors?
Creation/Creation/evolutionevolution
• Historical Historical errors?errors?– DatesDates
Since it is inspired, the Bible is free from error in matters of salvation, that is, our eternal relationship with God
Bible InterpretationBible Interpretation
Final interpreter= Teaching Final interpreter= Teaching Authority of Church Authority of Church (Magisterium). Why?(Magisterium). Why?
Christ promised that the Holy Christ promised that the Holy Spirit would guide the ChurchSpirit would guide the Church
Canon of the BibleCanon of the Bible
Canon= official list of inspired Canon= official list of inspired books of the Biblebooks of the Bible
Canonicity= issue of how Canonicity= issue of how books are determined as books are determined as canonicalcanonical
Canon of the BibleCanon of the Bible
When? 393 A.D. Council of When? 393 A.D. Council of Hippo (other Councils affirmed Hippo (other Councils affirmed same)same)
Which? Which? OT= 46OT= 46
NT= 27NT= 27
Bible= 73Bible= 73
Canon of the BibleCanon of the Bible
Who ? Who ? Church authority, given by Christ, Church authority, given by Christ, inspired by H.Sp.inspired by H.Sp.
Why?Why?1.1.Apostolic originApostolic origin
2.2.Widespread acceptanceWidespread acceptance
3.3.Conformity to the “rule of faith”Conformity to the “rule of faith”
Non-Canonical Non-Canonical Gospels??Gospels??
Writings about Jesus NOT Writings about Jesus NOT included in the canon of included in the canon of Scripture (see p. 34, green Scripture (see p. 34, green box!)box!)
Dead Sea ScrollsDead Sea Scrolls
What was found?
Dead Sea ScrollsDead Sea Scrolls
What was found? 800 documents—mostly fragments; 200 biblical
Dead Sea ScrollsDead Sea Scrolls
What was found? 800 documents—mostly fragments; 200 biblical
When were they found?
Dead Sea ScrollsDead Sea Scrolls
What was found? 800 documents—mostly fragments; 200 biblical
When were they found?
Between 1947 and 1956
Dead Sea ScrollsDead Sea Scrolls
What was found? 800 documents—mostly fragments; 200 biblical
When were they found?
Between 1947 and 1956
Where were they found?
11 caves at Qumran (near the Dead Sea)
Dead Sea ScrollsDead Sea Scrolls
What was found? 800 documents—mostly fragments; 200 biblical
When were they found?
Between 1947 and 1956
Where were they found?
11 caves at Qumran (near the Dead Sea)
Why are they important?
Dead Sea ScrollsDead Sea Scrolls
What was found? 800 documents—mostly fragments; 200 biblical
When were they found?
Between 1947 and 1956
Where were they found?
11 caves at Qumran (near the Dead Sea)
Why are they important?
Closer to originals by 1,000 yrs., giving clearer picture of biblical times
Council of Blakefield:Council of Blakefield:• What info was What info was
controversial/erroneoucontroversial/erroneous?s?
• Which “canon-criteria” Which “canon-criteria” were/were not met?were/were not met?
• What What sayings/teachings were sayings/teachings were contrary to the 4 contrary to the 4 canonical Gospels?canonical Gospels?
Formation of the Formation of the GospelsGospels
• Stage 1Stage 1: Public : Public Life and Teaching Life and Teaching of Jesusof Jesus
• Stage 2Stage 2: Oral : Oral TraditionTradition
• Stage 3Stage 3: New : New Testament Testament WritingsWritings
What What isis the “Gospel”? the “Gospel”?
• ““Gospel” means Gospel” means “good news” “good news” – Old English = Old English =
““godspellgodspell””– Greek = “Greek = “euangelioneuangelion””
• Simply, term used by Simply, term used by Paul to refer to his Paul to refer to his message: the “good message: the “good news” of and about news” of and about Jesus the ChristJesus the Christ
What What isis the “Gospel”? the “Gospel”?• Though there are Though there are
four “gospels,” four “gospels,” there is really one:there is really one:
• The Good News of The Good News of Jesus Christ…Jesus Christ…
Birth of the Gospels: Birth of the Gospels: KerygmaKerygma
• The The kerygmakerygma was the was the original good news original good news preached by the preached by the Apostles…Apostles…
• That Christ died for our That Christ died for our sins according to the sins according to the Scriptures, was buried Scriptures, was buried and rose from the dead, and rose from the dead, giving us unending Lifegiving us unending Life
Why was NT written?Why was NT written?• End of world not End of world not
immanent (close)immanent (close)
• Distortions in Distortions in message were message were beginning to occurbeginning to occur
• Further teaching Further teaching was needed– was needed– deeper, more deeper, more details, etc.details, etc.
Interpreting the NTInterpreting the NT• Lectio Divina:Lectio Divina:
– ““sacred reading”sacred reading”– Deep, personalDeep, personal– ““Praying the Praying the
Scriptures”Scriptures”
• Historical-critical Historical-critical approach: approach: – Looking carefully at Looking carefully at
texts in their texts in their historical & literary historical & literary contextscontexts
Interpreting the NTInterpreting the NT• 3 Rules of Catholic 3 Rules of Catholic
interpretation:interpretation:1.1.Content & unity of Content & unity of
wholewhole Scripture Scripture2.2.w/in living w/in living
Tradition of ChurchTradition of Church3.3.Attention to Attention to
“analogy of faith,” “analogy of faith,” ie. how truths of ie. how truths of faith fit together as faith fit together as a wholea whole
Critical MethodsCritical Methods1.1. Source CriticismSource Criticism2.2. Historical Historical
CriticismCriticism3.3. Form CriticismForm Criticism4.4. Redaction Redaction
CriticismCriticism5.5. Textual CriticismTextual Criticism
Groups will:Groups will:1.1. Define the methodDefine the method
2.2. Explain it Explain it thoroughly, using thoroughly, using important info important info from RQs, etc.from RQs, etc.
3.3. Apply the method Apply the method to a certain to a certain Scripture passageScripture passage
Lectio DivinaLectio Divina• Lectio Lectio (slow, (slow,
attentive readingattentive reading• MeditatioMeditatio (thinking, (thinking,
reflecting on textreflecting on text• OratioOratio ( thoughts > ( thoughts >
conversation w/ conversation w/ God)God)
• Contemplatio Contemplatio ( words> silence… )( words> silence… )
• [Resolution: decide [Resolution: decide to to actact on your on your lectiolectio]]