Chapter 1 - The Foundations for a New Kind of Science Wolfram, Stephen. A New Kind of Science....
Transcript of Chapter 1 - The Foundations for a New Kind of Science Wolfram, Stephen. A New Kind of Science....
![Page 1: Chapter 1 - The Foundations for a New Kind of Science Wolfram, Stephen. A New Kind of Science. Wolfram Media, Inc. 2002. .](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081515/552fc181497959413d8f4103/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 1 - The Foundations for a New Kind of Science
Wolfram, Stephen. A New Kind of Science. Wolfram Media, Inc. 2002.
www.xiscanoe.org
![Page 2: Chapter 1 - The Foundations for a New Kind of Science Wolfram, Stephen. A New Kind of Science. Wolfram Media, Inc. 2002. .](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081515/552fc181497959413d8f4103/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
o livro (2002)...
Three centuries ago science was transformed by the dramatic new idea that rules based on mathematical equations could be used to describe the natural world.
My purpose in this book is to initiate another such transformation...
![Page 3: Chapter 1 - The Foundations for a New Kind of Science Wolfram, Stephen. A New Kind of Science. Wolfram Media, Inc. 2002. .](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081515/552fc181497959413d8f4103/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
mathematics concepts...1984... Wolfram!http://www.sciencetimeline.net/
![Page 4: Chapter 1 - The Foundations for a New Kind of Science Wolfram, Stephen. A New Kind of Science. Wolfram Media, Inc. 2002. .](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081515/552fc181497959413d8f4103/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
os porquês... a descoberta...
• I took a sequence of simple programs and then systematically ran them to see how they behave. And what I found...
• very simple programs produce great complexity... as anything I had ever seen!
![Page 5: Chapter 1 - The Foundations for a New Kind of Science Wolfram, Stephen. A New Kind of Science. Wolfram Media, Inc. 2002. .](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081515/552fc181497959413d8f4103/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
o princípio...
Principle of Computational Equivalence
that whenever one sees behavior that is not obviously simple – in essentially any system – it can be thought of as corresponding to a computation of equivalent sophistication
a particular system will behave just by running na experiment and watching what happens
![Page 6: Chapter 1 - The Foundations for a New Kind of Science Wolfram, Stephen. A New Kind of Science. Wolfram Media, Inc. 2002. .](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081515/552fc181497959413d8f4103/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
relações com outras áreas
• Matemática... how small the scope is of what is now
considered Mathematics... and... the core of this book can be viewed as introducing a major generalization of mathematics – with new ideas and methods...
![Page 7: Chapter 1 - The Foundations for a New Kind of Science Wolfram, Stephen. A New Kind of Science. Wolfram Media, Inc. 2002. .](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081515/552fc181497959413d8f4103/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
relações com outras áreas
• Física (teoria dos números, cálculo, probabilidade)
• Biologia (modelagem matemática)• Ciências Sociais (economia a psicologia)• Ciência da Computação (complexidade)• Filosofia (limites do conhecimento, unicidade
da condição humana, matemática)• Arte (padrões e formas, sons, imagens, ...)• Tecnologia (suportar a inovação nas áreas
mencionadas)
![Page 8: Chapter 1 - The Foundations for a New Kind of Science Wolfram, Stephen. A New Kind of Science. Wolfram Media, Inc. 2002. .](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081515/552fc181497959413d8f4103/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
CA music generator
![Page 9: Chapter 1 - The Foundations for a New Kind of Science Wolfram, Stephen. A New Kind of Science. Wolfram Media, Inc. 2002. .](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081515/552fc181497959413d8f4103/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
natural biotic types
Patterns of some seashells, like the ones in Conus and Cymbiola genus, are generated by natural CA.
http://www.answers.com/topic/cellular-automaton
![Page 10: Chapter 1 - The Foundations for a New Kind of Science Wolfram, Stephen. A New Kind of Science. Wolfram Media, Inc. 2002. .](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081515/552fc181497959413d8f4103/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
arts
![Page 11: Chapter 1 - The Foundations for a New Kind of Science Wolfram, Stephen. A New Kind of Science. Wolfram Media, Inc. 2002. .](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081515/552fc181497959413d8f4103/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
iniciativas do passado• Inteligência Artificial• Vida Artificial• Complexidade Computacional• Catástrofe• Caos• Complexidade• Cibernética• Sistemas Dinâmicos• Evolução• Matemática Experimental• Fractal• Nanotecnologia• Dinâmica Não-Linear• Computação Científica• Mecânica estatística
![Page 12: Chapter 1 - The Foundations for a New Kind of Science Wolfram, Stephen. A New Kind of Science. Wolfram Media, Inc. 2002. .](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081515/552fc181497959413d8f4103/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
inquietações em 1974 (fourteen years old!!)• What is the fundamental origin of the
complicated patterns that one sees in turbulent fluids?
• How are the intricate patterns of snowflakes produced?
• What is the basic mechanism that allows plants and animals to grow in such complex ways?
![Page 13: Chapter 1 - The Foundations for a New Kind of Science Wolfram, Stephen. A New Kind of Science. Wolfram Media, Inc. 2002. .](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081515/552fc181497959413d8f4103/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Chapter 2 – The Crucial Experiment
22.000 BC
Arts
Biology
...
Esquistossomose?????