Chapter 1 The Exp+¬rience of Philosophy
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CHAPTER 1
The Exprience of Philosophy
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Plato, Theaetetus believes
Wonder is thefeeling of aphilosopher, and
philosophy beginsin wonder
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Will Durant, The Mansions of
Philosophy believesFor what if we should
fatten our purses, or riseto high office, and yet allthe mind, brutal inbehavior, unstable incharacter, chaotic in
desire, and blindlymiserableperhaps
hi oso h wi ive us i
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Knowledge that couldhelp them earn a livingand secure for
themselves thenecessities andcomforts of life.
Things that could make theirknowledge more specialized.
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The study of Philosophy (which they
myopically understand to be simply thestudy of arguments and the activity ofidle speculation, useless to the practical
business of finding things out and
consisting mostly of irrelevanttheorizing), so they claim, tends to be
unproductive and just a waste of
valuable time.
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Reasons why students should study
and practice PHILO:1. Sharpens the mind of the student who is
studying disciplines within the academiccommunity.
2. Helps us to clarify issues, discriminateamong options, and make better decisions.
3. Enhances our personal lives.
4. Assists us in penetrating to the roots ofour commitments by helping us toinvestigate and substantiate our personalconvictions.
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There are 2 major reasons forthis:
1. Philosophers in the past havesought confine philosophywithin narrower boundaries,
because it tends to claim toomuch.2. 2. Unfortunate
consequence ofthe first
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1. The Love of Wisdom
= Philosophy comes from aGreek word Philosophia.
=
The term Philos is usuallytranslated as Love, andSophia is ordinarilytranslated to English as
Wisdom.
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2. The Love of Exercising Ones Curiosityand Intelligence
= Herodotus, instead of using the termPhilosophia, has used the term
Philosophein in the context which meansnothing more than the desire to know orto find out
3. The Love of Wisdom that can Facethe Test of Critical Discussions
= Plato defined PHILO as an activity
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4. The Collective Name for UnansweredQuestions=William James defined PHILO as thecollective name for questions that have notbeen answered to the satisfaction of all that
have asked him.5. Philosophy is a Theory of Language= Rudolph Carnap, in his book LogicalSyntax defined PHILO as a theory of thescientific use of language.
= Logical positivists, like Carnap, believe
that there are only 2 meaningful statements:
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Ability to WonderThe predisposition of the mind to wonderand to be curious about everything from the
peculiar to the very ordinary.Sense ofAutonomyThe quality of the mind to be independent,or the freedom of the will from external
control and influence.Sense of ObjectivityThe ability of the mind to be open-minded ortolerant to some unpopular ideas, opinion, or
beliefs of others.
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The History of PHILOStudies major philosophers, periods in thedevelopment of philosophy, history in singlenation, and philosophical movements.
LogicIt deals with methods for distinguishinggood from bad reasoning.
EthicsTakes up the meaning of our moralconcepts such as right action, obligationand justice, and formulates principles toguide moral decisions.
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Metaphysics
Seek basic criteria for determining whatsorts of things are real.
EpistemologyConcerns the nature and scope ofknowledge.
AestheticsOne of the oldest fields. It is commonlyknown as Philosophy of Art and itconcerns the nature of art, including
both the performing arts and painting,
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Philosophy of
ReligionPhilosophy ofScience
Ethic
sPhilosophy ofLanguage
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ARISTOTLE - Theory of the golden mean