Chapter 1 Section 4Chapter 1 Section 4

The Reformation The Reformation ContinuesContinues

Other Reformation Other Reformation MovementsMovements

• John Calvin 1509-1564(Calvinism) wanted a John Calvin 1509-1564(Calvinism) wanted a theocracy to rule. Strict rules. theocracy to rule. Strict rules. Predestination (God has already chosen Predestination (God has already chosen those to save. The “elect”) p61those to save. The “elect”) p61

• John Knox (Presbyterians) community John Knox (Presbyterians) community churches led by laymen, elders (presbyters) churches led by laymen, elders (presbyters) became official religion of Scotland in became official religion of Scotland in 1560’s. Got rid of Mary Queen of Scots, 1560’s. Got rid of Mary Queen of Scots, replaced by son James. p62replaced by son James. p62

• Anabaptists—people who believed that Anabaptists—people who believed that people should make informed decision to people should make informed decision to join a church and were baptized again. join a church and were baptized again. Church and state should be separate.Church and state should be separate.

Reformation LeadersReformation Leaders

John Calvin 1509-1564

John Knox 1513-1572

Huldrych Zwingli 1484-1531

Ignatius of Loyola 1491 -1556

Marguerite of Navarre 1492-1549

Catholic ReformationCatholic Reformation

• Catholic Church saw need to repair Catholic Church saw need to repair itselfitself– Ignatius of Loyola: spiritual prayers and Ignatius of Loyola: spiritual prayers and

meditation about Jesus would cleanse soulmeditation about Jesus would cleanse soul– Pope creates order of Jesuits from Pope creates order of Jesuits from

followers of Loyola to do three thingsfollowers of Loyola to do three things• Start schools of Classical and theological studyStart schools of Classical and theological study• Convert non-Christians by sending Convert non-Christians by sending

missionaries around the worldmissionaries around the world• Stop spread of ProtestantismStop spread of Protestantism

• Council of Trent—Catholic bishops and Council of Trent—Catholic bishops and Cardinals agree on important topics”Cardinals agree on important topics”– Church’s interpretation of Bible was finalChurch’s interpretation of Bible was final– Faith and good works needed for salvationFaith and good works needed for salvation– Bible and Church instruction were equal Bible and Church instruction were equal

authorities for guiding Christian livingauthorities for guiding Christian living– Indulgences were valid expressions of faithIndulgences were valid expressions of faith

• Index of Forbidden Books was created to Index of Forbidden Books was created to list books dangerous for Catholics to read list books dangerous for Catholics to read and many were burned in bonfires across and many were burned in bonfires across EuropeEurope

Legacy of ReformationLegacy of Reformation

• Protestant Churches flourishProtestant Churches flourish• New types of Christianity developNew types of Christianity develop• Roman Catholic Church became more Roman Catholic Church became more

unified and made some reformsunified and made some reforms• Emphasis on education became Emphasis on education became

important for Protestantsimportant for Protestants• Individual monarchs gain power as Individual monarchs gain power as

Church loses power and influenceChurch loses power and influence• Questioning of beliefs and authority Questioning of beliefs and authority

set foundation for Age of set foundation for Age of Enlightenment in 18Enlightenment in 18thth Century Century