Chapter 1 Section 1: Italy: Birthplace of the Renaissance · 2014-09-05 · Chapter 1 Section 1:...
Transcript of Chapter 1 Section 1: Italy: Birthplace of the Renaissance · 2014-09-05 · Chapter 1 Section 1:...
Chapter 1 Section 1: Italy: Birthplace of the Renaissance
“Europe is waking out of a long, deep sleep….The time was when learning was only found in religious orders….learning has passed to secular princes and peers.”
Why did it happen in Italy?
■ 1300 – 1600
■ Renaissance – means REBIRTH
Why did it happen in Italy?■ Urban Centers
– Overseas trade helped by the Crusades led to growth of large city-states in Italy.– Wealthy Merchant class
▪ Merchants were the most powerful class due to their wealth which was based on merit (meaning they earned it, wasn’t inherited.)
■ Italian City-States– Ran own government
– Collected taxes
– Had own army
– Gained wealth through the use of merchants in trade between Europe and the East
Characteristics of Italian Renaissance
■ Scholars were curious about the world outside of Europe and wanted to return to the learning of the Greeks and Romans.
■ Major goal of the Renaissance was to study and imitate the cultures of Greece and Rome.
■ Renaissance architecture abandoned the “Gothic” style from the Middle Ages and borrowed from more classic styles.
The Medici Family
■ Florence was ruled by one powerful family – The Medici– Cosimo de Medici
▪ Virtual dictator of Venice
– Arranged marriages to strengthen family & business ties
– Lorenzo the Magnificent▪ Virtual dictator ▪ Supported the ARTS
Italy’s Advantages
■ Medici Family are famous for■ BEING RULERS
■ PATRONS (financial supporter) OF THE ARTS
■ Nepotism – preferential treatment of relatives
Classical and Worldly Values
■ Society became more SECULAR and less religious
■ SECULAR – to be more worldly and concerned with the here and now.
■ Secular achievements were given greater emphasis than earlier.
Classical and Worldly Values
■ The Renaissance Man– Idea that some people are artistic
geniuses.– Individuals would strive to master every
area of study.– According to Baldassare Castiglione the
ideal Renaissance Man was skilled in a variety of areas (charming, witty, well educated, dance, sing, play music, write poetry, skilled rider, wrestler, swordsmen)
Classical and Worldly Values
■ The Renaissance Woman– Women became more
educated
– Women were expected to marry whom their parents choose not for love but to strengthen business or family ties.
Isabella d’Este of Mantua
Renaissance Revolutionizes Art
■ Artists changed artistic styles– Paintings & sculptures
became more realistic
– Glorified human body
– Portraits of famous citizens
Renaissance Art
■ New Techniques– Natural postures and
expressions to show personality
▪ David
– Perspective is the technique that was perfected during the Renaissance that showed dimension in paintings
▪ School of Athens
Renaissance Revolutionizes Art■ Leonardo Da Vinci, best of example of
a Renaissance Man– Painter– Sculptor– Inventor– Scientist
■ Student of anatomy, science, and art.■ Skilled in a variety of disciplines■ Had an immediate impact on the
scientific thinking worldwide, including the importance of the scientific method
Leonardo Da Vinci’s Works
■ The LAST SUPPER ■ The MONA LISA
Michelangelo – Renaissance Artist
■ Michelangelo greatest artist of the Renaissance who was also skilled in many areas
■ Most well known for his portrayal of the human body■ Sistine Chapel■ David■ Pieta
Michelangelo’s Work
Renaissance Revolutionizes
Art
■ Raphael Advances Realism– Favorite work is the Madonna
and Child
– Famous Work▪ School of Athens
– Died at the age of 37
School of Athens - Raphael
Renaissance Writers Change Literature
■ Renaissance Writers– Used the VERNACULAR or local language.
– Wrote with self-expression or to portray the individuality of their subject matter.
– One way in which the writers of the Renaissance were influenced by the writers of the “western” classical culture was that they emphasized the power of human reason.
Machiavelli: Father of Political Science
■ Machiavelli Advises Rulers
– Wrote the “The Prince”
– Outlines how a ruler can gain power, keep it, and control enemies.
– Thought rulers should be shrewd & deceitful
– Effective rulers are feared by their subjects
– Advises that a wise ruler is one who does what is necessary to stay in power
– “The end justifies the means” meaning do whatever it takes to stay in power-be ruthless.
Political Impact of the Renaissance
■ State is supreme over the church
■ New monarchs assert control over national churches
■ Machiavelli has an impact
Setting the Stage
■ During Middle Ages
Europeans suffered from war and the Black Death, aka the Bubonic Plague
Europeans began to question everything.
■ Catholic Church teaching began to be questioned
■ Feudalism began to be questioned
■ Educated people began to reject long held values for “CLASSICAL” learning
Quiz
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