Chapter 1 Review. Scientific Skills Observing – Using 1 or more of your senses to gather...
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Transcript of Chapter 1 Review. Scientific Skills Observing – Using 1 or more of your senses to gather...
![Page 1: Chapter 1 Review. Scientific Skills Observing – Using 1 or more of your senses to gather information. Qualitative – describes without numbers Quantitative.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1af27f8b9ab05997f055/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 1 Review
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Scientific Skills• Observing – Using 1 or more of your senses to gather
information. Qualitative – describes without numbers Quantitative – describes using numbers
• Inferring – explaining your observations based on prior knowledge
• Predicting – type of inference that has to do with the FUTURE
• Classifying – grouping together items that are alike in some way
• Making Models – a physical representation of an object or idea
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Review
• Counting the number of red shirts on the spaceship is an example of this type of observation.
• Quantitative• When Robert tasted the lemonade he noticed
that it was too sour. What scientific skill was he using?
• Observing
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When you create a representation of the solar system you are ________________.
Making a model
This type of model is not to scale because __________________________.
It does not represent an accurate proportion
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• The top drawer of Lydia’s dresser drawer is where she keeps all of her socks. This is an example of ________________.
Classifying
We finished reading our chapter in science today. I ___________________ will have a test soon.
Predict
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Name the Types of Observation
• There are 500 ants crawling across the picnic table.
QuantitativeThat one ant is very small.
Qualitative
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• Shanni brought cupcakes to school today. I can ____________ that today is her birthday.
• Infer
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Scientific Inquiry
• Hypothesis – possible answer based on knowledge, NOT a question, must be testable
• A hypothesis is testable if you can gather data, experiment, and prove or disprove it.
• Variable – something you can change in an experiment• Manipulated Variable – the 1 variable you change in an
experiment• Responding Variable – a measurable “result” caused by
the manipulated variable• Data – facts, figures, evidence gathered through
observations
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Review• Sandra observed that 25 cm of rain fell in a 24
hr. period. At times the rain came down very heavily and other times it only sprinkled. The information gathered is considered ________.
DataIn my plant experiment there are several things I can change (soil, type of liquid, location, etc.) these are all examples of _______________.
Variables
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• How many variables should I change at one time?1
The one variable I change is called the _________________.
Manipulated VariableIn John’s experiment he wants to find out what type of shoes will help him run the fastest. Is this an example of a good hypothesis? Will Nike Cross Trainers be the best shoe for running fast? Please explain your answer.
No. A hypothesis is NEVER a question.
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• I gave coffee to one of my plants in my experiment. That plant grew 20 cm. This result is a called a ________________ variable.
• Responding
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Measurement
• Length – SI unit – Meter (m) Common – Centimeter (cm) Tools – metric ruler, meter stick
• Weight – SI unit – Newton (N) Common – Pound (lb) Tools – Scale
• Mass – SI unit – Kilogram (kg) Common – gram (g) Tool - Balance
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• Volume – SI Unit – Cubic Meter (m^3) Common – Cubic Centimeter (cm^3) Tools- Metric ruler, graduated
cylinder Formula- V = L x W x H• Density – SI Unit – Kilograms per cubic meter
(kg/m^3)Common – grams per cubic
centimeter (g/cm^3)Tools – Balance and Metric
Ruler or Graduated CylinderFormula – D = M/V
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• Time – SI Unit - Second (s) Common – Minute (min), Hour (hr) Tool – Stopwatch
• Temperature – SI Unit –Kelvin (K) Common – Celsius (C)
Tool - Thermometer
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• Difference between mass and weight – gravityWeight is the force of gravity on your
mass• Meniscus – the curved upper surface of a
liquid in a column of liquid (graduated cylinder)
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Review• Name the common unit of measurement and
abbreviation of temperature.• Celsius (C)• Name the SI unit and abbreviation of length.• Meter (m)• What is the correct formula for volume?• V = L X W X H• What tools would you use to measure density?• Balance and metric ruler or graduated cylinder
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• The volume on an object is 15 cm^3 and its mass is 45 g, what is its density?
• 3 g/cm^3• What is the one word that defines the difference
between mass and weight?• Gravity• Every mathematical calculation in science will
include a number and _______________.• A unit of measurement• The bubble at the top of a column of liquid is called
the _____________.• Meniscus
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• Estimate – a reasonable guess, used when we cannot find the exact number
• Accuracy – how close you are to the correct answer – Bullseye!
• Reproducibility – repetition of a result - may or may not be accurate
• It is important to have both accuracy and reproducibility
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Significant Figures
• Includes all of the digits measured exactly plus one that has been estimated
• Precision – exactness of a measurement
Muy
Importante
Need to know this
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Adding/Subtracting – DECIMALS!!!!!!!!!!Find the number with the least amount of decimals places. That is how many decimals places your answer should have. Then add or subtract normally.
16.7 g + 2.895 g 19.595 g
19.6 g
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• Multiplying/Dividing - Digits!!!!!!!!!!Find the number with the least number
of digits (significant figures). Your answer should have the same amount. Multiply or divide normally.
2.23 mLX .5 mL1.115 mL
1 mL
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Review• Solve the following problem using the correct
significant figures - 123.79 cm +10.826 cm
• 134.62 cm• Solve the following problem using the correct
significant figures – 29.36 g X 1.7 g • 50 g^2
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Graphs in Science
• Line Graphsshow how much responding variable (y)
changes in response to manipulated variable (x)
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Steps to Make a Graph• Draw axes horizontal = x – manipulated variable vertical
= y – responding variable• Label the axes – WITH UNIT OF MEASUREMENT!• Create an accurate scale – look at the range of data and
plan accordingly. Must have equally spaced intervals.• Plot the Data• Draw line of best fit – if necessary, otherwise connect plot
points• Add a title
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Bonus Question!!!!
• What three things must you have in every science class?
• Calculator, metric ruler, and graph paper
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Bonus Question!!!!!!
• What does each letter in STEM stand for?S = Science
T = TechnologyE = Engineering
M = Mathematics