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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

A dentist is required to have specialized knowledge and skills in dealing withproblems that are related to dental health. Treatment in cases of complex dental health

is very important. As a dentist should be aware that patients with state of the teeth and

mouth problems are complex should be treated with caution and appropriate.Teeth do not possess the regenerative ability found in most other tissues.

Therefore, once enamel or dentin is lost as a result of caries, trauma, or wear

restorative materials must be used to reestablish form and function. Teeth require

preparation to receive restorations, and these preparations must be based on

fundamental principles from which basic criteria can be developed to help in

predicting the success of prosthodontics treatment. (arula, !"##$

%rreversible pulpitis at an advanced stage of development is characterized by

acute and intense pain that is difficult to control with painkillers. (&adeva, !""'$

ymptomatic %rreversible )ulpitis is based on sub*ective and ob*ective findings that

the vital inflamed pulp is incapable of healing and that root canal treatment is

indicated. +haracteristics may include sharp pain upon thermal stimulus, lingering

pain (often " seconds or longer after stimulus removal$, spontaneity (unprovoked

pain$ and referred pain. ometimes the pain may be accentuated by postural changes

such as lying down or bending over and over-the-counter analgesics are typically

ineffective. +ommon etiologies may include deep caries, extensive restorations, or

fractures exposing the pulpa tissues. Teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis may

be difficult to diagnose because the inflammation has not yet reached the periapical

tissues, thus resulting in no pain or discomfort to percussion. %n such cases, dental

history and thermal testing are the primary tools for assessing pulpal status.

(American Association of ndodontists, !"#$Aphthous ulcers are ulcers that form on the mucous membranes. Aphthous

ulcers are typically recurrent round or oval sores or ulcers inside the mouth on areas

where the skin is not tightly bound to the underlying bone, such as on the inside of

the lips and cheeks or underneath the tongue. (gan, !"#/$

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tarting from the assessment of the differences between the amount of tooth

structure removed for conventional preparation and various innovative designs for

fixed prosthodontics, the next step was to analyse the indication and contraindication

of use. The indications have to be strictly observed because of the special properties

of the metal-free materials. As a result, careful assessment and planning prior to

beginning the prosthodontic treatment measures are requisite. (0onaco, !""12 %rfan,

!""3$

4ealth is the most important part in human life, physically and spiritually

healthy. 4ealth needs to be considered in addition to health in general, as well as oral

health, because oral health can affect overall health. To achieve oral health is optimal,

then it should be done by an expert dental treatment that dentists.

1.2 Purposes1.2.1 Spesiic Purpose

tudents are able to understand the governance demands on priority condition

for treatment of clinical cases in the field of dentistry.

1.2.2 !enera" Purposes

#. To identify the oral soft tissue abnormalities

!. 5etermining the diagnosis and treatment plan involving periodontal

disorders. 6nderstanding the diagnostic tests and dental care plan for children

/. 6nderstanding the identification, etiology and diagnosis as well as the

kinds of treatment plans in case of damage to the crown of the tooth

and the pulp tissue disorders

1. 7nowing the conditions of patients who require immediate care or

advanced carefield prosthodontics

3. 5etermining the kind of radiographic which can be used to support the

diagnosis and treatment planning as well as post-treatment evaluation

1.# Benei$

+apable to identify the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment plan in the case and

is expected to be useful for the students when it became a dentist.

1.% &earning Issue

A woman aged /" years came to the &80-) 9aculty of 5ental 0edicine

Airlangga 6niversity to be made a fixed denture on the upper right *aw. There

is cavities and spontaneous pain since a week ago in that side. The patient also

complained of halitosis and stomatitis on buccal mucosa (close the cavities$.

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4aving traced the patient turns bad oral hygiene and when examined it was

found that radiographic widening of the apical periodontal ligament.

RE'ERENCES

0onaco +. !""1. Clinical and scientific aspect of Inlay Fixed Partial Dentures.

School of Dental Medicine University of Siena. Acessed at :ct #;, !"#/.

&etrieved from< htpp