Chapter 1 Intro to Programming Principles

5/21/2018 Chapter 1 Intro to Programming Principles

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DFC 1023

PROBLEM SOLVING

&

PROGRAM DESIGN

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION TO

PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE


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COURSE LEARNING OUTCOME

(CLO):

Upon completion of this course, students

should be able to:

1) Explain the basic computer and

programming fundamentals with appropriate

examples of languages.

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SPECIFIC OUTCOME

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1.1 Discuss the evolution of programming

language

1.2 Describe fundamentals of programming

languages


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1.1 Discuss the evolution of

programming languages


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HISTORY OF

PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

Before1940

Thelanguageswere Codes

The 1940s

Plankalkl ,ENIACcoding

system

The 1950sand 1960s

FORTRAN, LISP,

COBOL

1967 1978

Logo, B,Pascal, Forth,C, Smalltalk,

Prolog, ML,Scheme, SQL

The 1980s

C++, Objecyive-C, Ada,CommonLisp, Eiffel,Erlang, Perl, Tcl,FL

The 1990s : Internetage

Haskell, Python,Visual Basic, Ruby,Lua, CLOS, Java,Delphi, JavaScript,PHP, Rebol, D

Current trend

C#, Visual Basic . NET, F#,Scala, Factor, Windows Poershell, Clojure, Groovy, Go

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TECHNOLOGY OF PROGRAMMING

LANGUAGE

5thGeneration Languages

Using Artificial Intelligence

4thGeneration Languages

Using Microprocessors

3rdGeneration Languages

Using Integrated Circuits

Assembly Languages

Using Transistors

Machine LanguagesUsing Vacuum Tubes

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MACHINE LANGUAGES

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Only languages understood by computers

Also called machine code

A set of instructions for a specific central processing unit,designed to be usable by a computer without being translated

impossible for humans to use because they consist entirely ofnumbers

The lowest-level programming language

Every CPU has its own unique machine language. Programs mustbe rewritten or recompiled, therefore, to run on different types ofcomputers


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ASSEMBLY LANGUAGES

a low-level programming languagefor computers, microprocessors,

microcontrollers, and otherprogrammable devices

implements a symbolicrepresentation of the machine

codes and other constants neededto program a given CPU

architecture

usually defined by the hardwaremanufacturer, and is based on

mnemonics that symbolizeprocessing steps (instructions),

processor registers, memorylocations, and other language

features

same structure and set ofcommands as machine languages,but they enable a programmer touse names instead of numbers

an assembly language programwritten for one type of CPU won't

run on another

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3rd GENERATION LANGUAGES

a refinement of asecond-generation

programminglanguage

make the languagesmore programmer-

friendly

High level languageMost 3GLs support

structuredprogramming

Example: Fortran,ALGOL, and COBOL,

C, C++, C#, Java,

BASIC and Delphi 10


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4thGENERATION LANGUAGES

a programminglanguage or

programmingenvironment designedwith a specific purpose

in mind, such as thedevelopment of

commercial businesssoftware

to reduce programmingeffort, the time it takes todevelop software, and the

cost of softwaredevelopment

fourth-generationlanguages are

programming languagescloser to human

languages than typicalhigh-level programming

languages. (COBOL)

Most 4GLs are used toaccess databases

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5thGENERATION LANGUAGES

a programming languagebased around solving

problems using constraintsgiven to the program, rather

than using an algorithm

written by a programmer

designed to make the computer solvea given problem without the

programmer - the programmer onlyneeds to worry about what problems

need to be solved and whatconditions need to be met, without

worrying about how to implement aroutine or algorithm to solve them

based on artificial

intelligence, are still indevelopment, though there

are some applications, suchas voice recognition

Fifth-generation languages areused mainly in artificial

intelligence research. Prolog, OPS5, and Mercury

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1.2 Describe fundamentals

of programming languages.


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TERMINOLOGY

someone who writes computer software

a specialist in one area of computer programming or to a generalist who writes code for manykinds of software

Programmer

An organized list of instructions that, when executed, causes the computer to behave in apredetermined manner

Program

the process of designing, writing, testing, debugging, and maintaining the source code ofcomputer programs

Programming

A program that translates programs from assembly language to machine language.

Assembler

a computer program (or set of programs) that transforms source code written in aprogramming language (the source language) into another computer language (the targetlanguage, often having a binary form known as object code)

Compiler

A program that translate from one programming language into another

Translator15


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Relate programming language

Aapplication in real life


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Give the examples of PROGRAMMING

LANGUAGE APPLICATION in real life


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Fotostat Machine


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Handphone/smartphone


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Car


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Thank you

Chapter 1 Intro to Programming Principles

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