Chapter 1 Bones and Muscles. Bone Basics Bone- is a kind of body tissue made of both living cells...
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Transcript of Chapter 1 Bones and Muscles. Bone Basics Bone- is a kind of body tissue made of both living cells...
Chapter 1Chapter 1Bones and MusclesBones and Muscles
Bone BasicsBone Basics
Bone-Bone- is a kind of is a kind of body tissue made of body tissue made of both living cells and both living cells and nonliving material.nonliving material.
Skeletal System-Skeletal System- The The system of bones and system of bones and tissues that supports tissues that supports and protects the body.and protects the body.
http://http://www.medtropolis.com/www.medtropolis.com/VBody.aspVBody.asp
JointsJoints
JointJoint- is the place at - is the place at which two bones meet.which two bones meet.
Joints can be Joints can be moveable moveable or or immovable immovable (skull (skull joints)joints)
Types of Movable JointsTypes of Movable Joints Ball and Socket- HipBall and Socket- Hip Hinge- KneeHinge- Knee Pivot- NeckPivot- Neck Gliding- AnkleGliding- Ankle
Immovable joints (bony sutures) of the skull
Ball and Socket JointBall and Socket Joint
Allows for great range Allows for great range of motionof motion
Found in the hips and Found in the hips and shouldersshoulders
One bone has a One bone has a rounded end that fits rounded end that fits into a cuplike cavity on into a cuplike cavity on another bone. This another bone. This provides a wider range provides a wider range of movement. Thus, of movement. Thus, your hips and your hips and shoulders can swing in shoulders can swing in almost any direction. almost any direction.
Hinge JointHinge Joint
Works like a door Works like a door hingehinge
Lets the lower leg Lets the lower leg move back and move back and forth like a door forth like a door opening and closingopening and closing
Found in toes, Found in toes, elbows, knees, and elbows, knees, and fingersfingers
Gliding JointGliding Joint
One bone slides One bone slides over anotherover another
Allows for greater Allows for greater range of motionrange of motion
Pivot JointPivot Joint
Pivot joints allow Pivot joints allow rotation around an axis rotation around an axis
The neck and forearms The neck and forearms have pivot joints have pivot joints
In the In the forearmsforearms the the radius and ulna twist radius and ulna twist around each other. around each other.
Cartilage and LigamentsCartilage and Ligaments
Bones are protected at Bones are protected at joints by cartilage, a joints by cartilage, a tissue much like bone tissue much like bone but softer and more but softer and more flexible flexible
Bones are held in place Bones are held in place by strong bands of fiber by strong bands of fiber called ligamentscalled ligaments
http://http://www.kidshealth.org/kid/www.kidshealth.org/kid/body/body/muscles_noSW.htmlmuscles_noSW.html
Inside a BoneInside a Bone
PeriosteumPeriosteum- membrane that covers the bone- membrane that covers the bone Compact bone-Compact bone- a layer of very hard material a layer of very hard material
(gives bone its strength) (gives bone its strength) Spongy bone-Spongy bone-
Softer than compact boneSofter than compact bone Contain many hollow spaces to help absorb shockContain many hollow spaces to help absorb shock
MarrowMarrow – a soft tissue where the body’s blood – a soft tissue where the body’s blood cells are produced.cells are produced.
The blood cells leave the bone through blood vessels The blood cells leave the bone through blood vessels
http://www.kidshealth.org/misc/movie/http://www.kidshealth.org/misc/movie/bodybasics/bone.htmlbodybasics/bone.html
This website shows a diagram of a boneThis website shows a diagram of a bone
How Do Muscles Work?How Do Muscles Work?
Muscles attached to bones are called Muscles attached to bones are called SKELETAL MUSCLES.SKELETAL MUSCLES.
The body has two other types of The body has two other types of muscles as well…muscles as well…
Smooth MusclesSmooth Muscles - push food through your - push food through your digestive systemdigestive system
Cardiac MusclesCardiac Muscles - muscles of the heart that - muscles of the heart that cause it to beatcause it to beat
Why Are Bones Important?Why Are Bones Important?
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TendonsTendons
Muscles are Muscles are attached to bones attached to bones by by tendonstendons, which , which are strong ropelike are strong ropelike fibers.fibers.
Avoiding Bone and Muscle Avoiding Bone and Muscle InjuriesInjuries
SprainSprain- involves the tearing of a - involves the tearing of a ligament at a jointligament at a joint
StrainStrain- involves an overstretching or - involves an overstretching or slight tearing of a muscle or a tendon slight tearing of a muscle or a tendon that holds the muscle to the bone. that holds the muscle to the bone. (Pulled Muscle)(Pulled Muscle)
Muscle Cramp-Muscle Cramp- a muscle contracts a muscle contracts sharply and will not relax “charley sharply and will not relax “charley horse”horse”
Avoiding Bone and Muscle Avoiding Bone and Muscle InjuriesInjuries
TearTear- torn - torn cartilage at joints cartilage at joints or torn ligamentsor torn ligaments
Often, tears cannot Often, tears cannot be detected by an be detected by an X-ray. Sometimes X-ray. Sometimes an MRI is needed.an MRI is needed. Here is an MRI of the knee. This is an axial image,
which means it's as if we've cut perpendicular to the direction of a straight leg. The image shows the patella (knee cap) and the femur, which is the thigh bone. Of course, we're interested in looking at the cartilage.
Avoiding Bone and Muscle Avoiding Bone and Muscle InjuriesInjuries
Avoiding Bone and Muscle Avoiding Bone and Muscle InjuriesInjuries
FractureFracture- any break - any break or crack of a boneor crack of a bone
Greenstick FractureGreenstick Fracture -is -is when the bone cracks when the bone cracks on one side only, not on one side only, not all the way through. all the way through.
Simple FractureSimple Fracture -is -is when the bone has when the bone has broken into two pieces broken into two pieces
How to Avoid InjuriesHow to Avoid Injuries
What steps can we take to avoid What steps can we take to avoid some of these injuries.some of these injuries.
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