Chapter 1 Bones and Muscles. Bone Basics Bone- is a kind of body tissue made of both living cells...

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Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Bones and Muscles Bones and Muscles

Transcript of Chapter 1 Bones and Muscles. Bone Basics Bone- is a kind of body tissue made of both living cells...

Page 1: Chapter 1 Bones and Muscles. Bone Basics Bone- is a kind of body tissue made of both living cells and nonliving material. Bone- is a kind of body tissue.

Chapter 1Chapter 1Bones and MusclesBones and Muscles

Page 2: Chapter 1 Bones and Muscles. Bone Basics Bone- is a kind of body tissue made of both living cells and nonliving material. Bone- is a kind of body tissue.

Bone BasicsBone Basics

Bone-Bone- is a kind of is a kind of body tissue made of body tissue made of both living cells and both living cells and nonliving material.nonliving material.

Skeletal System-Skeletal System- The The system of bones and system of bones and tissues that supports tissues that supports and protects the body.and protects the body.

http://http://www.medtropolis.com/www.medtropolis.com/VBody.aspVBody.asp

Page 3: Chapter 1 Bones and Muscles. Bone Basics Bone- is a kind of body tissue made of both living cells and nonliving material. Bone- is a kind of body tissue.

JointsJoints

JointJoint- is the place at - is the place at which two bones meet.which two bones meet.

Joints can be Joints can be moveable moveable or or immovable immovable (skull (skull joints)joints)

Types of Movable JointsTypes of Movable Joints Ball and Socket- HipBall and Socket- Hip Hinge- KneeHinge- Knee Pivot- NeckPivot- Neck Gliding- AnkleGliding- Ankle

Immovable joints (bony sutures) of the skull

Page 4: Chapter 1 Bones and Muscles. Bone Basics Bone- is a kind of body tissue made of both living cells and nonliving material. Bone- is a kind of body tissue.

Ball and Socket JointBall and Socket Joint

Allows for great range Allows for great range of motionof motion

Found in the hips and Found in the hips and shouldersshoulders

One bone has a One bone has a rounded end that fits rounded end that fits into a cuplike cavity on into a cuplike cavity on another bone. This another bone. This provides a wider range provides a wider range of movement. Thus, of movement. Thus, your hips and your hips and shoulders can swing in shoulders can swing in almost any direction. almost any direction.

Page 5: Chapter 1 Bones and Muscles. Bone Basics Bone- is a kind of body tissue made of both living cells and nonliving material. Bone- is a kind of body tissue.

Hinge JointHinge Joint

Works like a door Works like a door hingehinge

Lets the lower leg Lets the lower leg move back and move back and forth like a door forth like a door opening and closingopening and closing

Found in toes, Found in toes, elbows, knees, and elbows, knees, and fingersfingers

Page 6: Chapter 1 Bones and Muscles. Bone Basics Bone- is a kind of body tissue made of both living cells and nonliving material. Bone- is a kind of body tissue.

Gliding JointGliding Joint

One bone slides One bone slides over anotherover another

Allows for greater Allows for greater range of motionrange of motion

Page 7: Chapter 1 Bones and Muscles. Bone Basics Bone- is a kind of body tissue made of both living cells and nonliving material. Bone- is a kind of body tissue.

Pivot JointPivot Joint

Pivot joints allow Pivot joints allow rotation around an axis rotation around an axis

The neck and forearms The neck and forearms have pivot joints have pivot joints

In the In the forearmsforearms the the radius and ulna twist radius and ulna twist around each other. around each other.

Page 8: Chapter 1 Bones and Muscles. Bone Basics Bone- is a kind of body tissue made of both living cells and nonliving material. Bone- is a kind of body tissue.

Cartilage and LigamentsCartilage and Ligaments

Bones are protected at Bones are protected at joints by cartilage, a joints by cartilage, a tissue much like bone tissue much like bone but softer and more but softer and more flexible flexible

Bones are held in place Bones are held in place by strong bands of fiber by strong bands of fiber called ligamentscalled ligaments

http://http://www.kidshealth.org/kid/www.kidshealth.org/kid/body/body/muscles_noSW.htmlmuscles_noSW.html

Page 9: Chapter 1 Bones and Muscles. Bone Basics Bone- is a kind of body tissue made of both living cells and nonliving material. Bone- is a kind of body tissue.

Inside a BoneInside a Bone

PeriosteumPeriosteum- membrane that covers the bone- membrane that covers the bone Compact bone-Compact bone- a layer of very hard material a layer of very hard material

(gives bone its strength) (gives bone its strength) Spongy bone-Spongy bone-

Softer than compact boneSofter than compact bone Contain many hollow spaces to help absorb shockContain many hollow spaces to help absorb shock

MarrowMarrow – a soft tissue where the body’s blood – a soft tissue where the body’s blood cells are produced.cells are produced.

The blood cells leave the bone through blood vessels The blood cells leave the bone through blood vessels

http://www.kidshealth.org/misc/movie/http://www.kidshealth.org/misc/movie/bodybasics/bone.htmlbodybasics/bone.html

This website shows a diagram of a boneThis website shows a diagram of a bone

Page 10: Chapter 1 Bones and Muscles. Bone Basics Bone- is a kind of body tissue made of both living cells and nonliving material. Bone- is a kind of body tissue.
Page 11: Chapter 1 Bones and Muscles. Bone Basics Bone- is a kind of body tissue made of both living cells and nonliving material. Bone- is a kind of body tissue.
Page 12: Chapter 1 Bones and Muscles. Bone Basics Bone- is a kind of body tissue made of both living cells and nonliving material. Bone- is a kind of body tissue.

How Do Muscles Work?How Do Muscles Work?

Muscles attached to bones are called Muscles attached to bones are called SKELETAL MUSCLES.SKELETAL MUSCLES.

The body has two other types of The body has two other types of muscles as well…muscles as well…

Smooth MusclesSmooth Muscles - push food through your - push food through your digestive systemdigestive system

Cardiac MusclesCardiac Muscles - muscles of the heart that - muscles of the heart that cause it to beatcause it to beat

Page 13: Chapter 1 Bones and Muscles. Bone Basics Bone- is a kind of body tissue made of both living cells and nonliving material. Bone- is a kind of body tissue.

Why Are Bones Important?Why Are Bones Important?

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Page 14: Chapter 1 Bones and Muscles. Bone Basics Bone- is a kind of body tissue made of both living cells and nonliving material. Bone- is a kind of body tissue.

TendonsTendons

Muscles are Muscles are attached to bones attached to bones by by tendonstendons, which , which are strong ropelike are strong ropelike fibers.fibers.

Page 15: Chapter 1 Bones and Muscles. Bone Basics Bone- is a kind of body tissue made of both living cells and nonliving material. Bone- is a kind of body tissue.

Avoiding Bone and Muscle Avoiding Bone and Muscle InjuriesInjuries

SprainSprain- involves the tearing of a - involves the tearing of a ligament at a jointligament at a joint

StrainStrain- involves an overstretching or - involves an overstretching or slight tearing of a muscle or a tendon slight tearing of a muscle or a tendon that holds the muscle to the bone. that holds the muscle to the bone. (Pulled Muscle)(Pulled Muscle)

Muscle Cramp-Muscle Cramp- a muscle contracts a muscle contracts sharply and will not relax “charley sharply and will not relax “charley horse”horse”

Page 16: Chapter 1 Bones and Muscles. Bone Basics Bone- is a kind of body tissue made of both living cells and nonliving material. Bone- is a kind of body tissue.

Avoiding Bone and Muscle Avoiding Bone and Muscle InjuriesInjuries

TearTear- torn - torn cartilage at joints cartilage at joints or torn ligamentsor torn ligaments

Often, tears cannot Often, tears cannot be detected by an be detected by an X-ray. Sometimes X-ray. Sometimes an MRI is needed.an MRI is needed. Here is an MRI of the knee. This is an axial image,

which means it's as if we've cut perpendicular to the direction of a straight leg. The image shows the patella (knee cap) and the femur, which is the thigh bone. Of course, we're interested in looking at the cartilage.

Page 17: Chapter 1 Bones and Muscles. Bone Basics Bone- is a kind of body tissue made of both living cells and nonliving material. Bone- is a kind of body tissue.

Avoiding Bone and Muscle Avoiding Bone and Muscle InjuriesInjuries

Page 18: Chapter 1 Bones and Muscles. Bone Basics Bone- is a kind of body tissue made of both living cells and nonliving material. Bone- is a kind of body tissue.

Avoiding Bone and Muscle Avoiding Bone and Muscle InjuriesInjuries

FractureFracture- any break - any break or crack of a boneor crack of a bone

Greenstick FractureGreenstick Fracture -is -is when the bone cracks when the bone cracks on one side only, not on one side only, not all the way through. all the way through.

Simple FractureSimple Fracture -is -is when the bone has when the bone has broken into two pieces broken into two pieces

Page 19: Chapter 1 Bones and Muscles. Bone Basics Bone- is a kind of body tissue made of both living cells and nonliving material. Bone- is a kind of body tissue.

How to Avoid InjuriesHow to Avoid Injuries

What steps can we take to avoid What steps can we take to avoid some of these injuries.some of these injuries.

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