Chapter 1: Basic mathematics - · PDF fileBrotto 1e Clinical Dosage Calculations for Australia...

Brotto 1e Clinical Dosage Calculations for Australia and NZ – Solutions Manual

Chapter 1 © 2012 Cengage Australia Pty Ltd 1

Chapter 1: Basic mathematics

Page 3

Add up the following:

Activity 1

5tablets

Activity 2

5

Activity 3

7mL

Activity 4

7

Activity 5

7.5mL

Page 6

Calculate the following:

Activity 6

3tablets

Activity 7

1caplet

Activity 8

0.6mL

Activity 9

3capsules

Page 7

Activity 10

194.5mL

Page 8

Multiply the following:

Activity 11

30tablets

Page 9

Activity 12

72caplets



Activity 13

4mL

Page 10

Activity 14

25mL

Page 11

Activity 15

30days

Page 12

Activity 16

10days

Activity 17

5doses

Page 13

Activity 18

10hours

Activity 19

2hours

Page 15


Activity 20

BMI 45.67

Activity 21

BMI 30.08

Activity 22

IBW 77kg

Activity 23

CrCl 9.04mL/minute

Page 16

Activity 24

a

b



c

Page 17

Activity 25

a

b

c

d or

e

Page 17

Activity 26

a

b

c

d

e

Page 19

Activity 27

a ×2



b ×3

c

Page 20

Activity 28

a

b

c

d

e

f

g

Page 22

Activity 29

a

b



c

d

e

Page 23

Activity 30

a

b

c

d

e

Page 25

Activity 31

a

b

c

d

e



Page 25

Activity 32

a

b

c

d

e

Page 26

Activity 33

a

b

c

d

e

Page 27

Activity 34

a

b

c



d

e

Page 28

Activity 35

a

b

c

d

e

Page 29

Activity 36

a .

b .

c .

d .

e .

Page 30

Activity 37

a .

b .

c .

d .

e .



Page 31

Activity 38

a .

b .

c .

d .

e .

Page 31

Activity 39

a .

b .

c .

d .

e .

Page 32

Activity 40

a 58

b 58

c 26

d 28

e 3

Page 33

Activity 41

a .

b .

c .

d .

e .

Page 34

Activity 42

a

b



c

d

e

Page 35

Activity 43

a .

b .

c .

d .

e .

Page 37

Activity 44


a ∶

b ∶ ∶

c ∶ ∶

d ∶ ∶

e ∶

Page 37

Activity 45

Write the following ratios in fraction format.

a

b

c

d

e



Activity 46

Write the following fractions in a numerical ratio format.

a ∶

b ∶

c ∶

d ∶

e ∶

Page 38

Activity 47

Convert the following decimals to percentages.

a %

b %

c %

d %

e %

Activity 48

a .

b .

c .

d .

e .

Page 39

Activity 49

Convert the following fractions to percentages.

a %

b %

c %

d %

e %

Activity 50

a

b or



c

d

e



Chapter 2: Units of measurement

Page 48

Activity 1

𝐚 0.014 grams

𝐛 0.250 mg

𝐜 1500 mL

𝐝 1500 mcg

𝐞 400 grams

𝐟 3.2 L

𝐠 0.5 g

𝐡 0.125 mg

Activity 2

𝐚 2 tablets

𝐛 2 capsules

𝐜 2 tablets

𝐝 3 tablets

𝐞 1250 mL

Activity 3

𝐚 1200 mg

𝐛 700 mg

𝐜 50 mcg

𝐝 2300 mcg

𝐞 1070 000 mcg

𝐟 1400 000 mg

𝐠 0.006 mg is smaller

𝐡 0.06 mg is smaller

𝐢 6 mcg is smaller

𝐣 0.0006 mg is smaller



Page 52

Activity 4

Draw a line to indicate where you would draw the liquid up to with these syringes.

a

b

c

d

e

f



g

h

i

j

𝐤 1 mL 5 = 0.2 mL

𝐥 5 mL 5 = 1.0 mL

𝐦 1 mL 5 = 0.2 mL



Page 56

Activity 5

a

b



c

d

Page 57

Activity 6

What is the volume of liquid found in each of these measuring devices?

𝐚 7.5 mL

𝐛 3 mL

𝐜 25 mL

𝐝 10 mL

𝐞 4 mL

𝐟 7.4 mL



Chapter 3: Medication charts

Page 61

Activity 1

The patients could be given each other’s medication without the nurse having the ability to check the identification of the correct patient.

Potential for anaphylaxis and death if one of the patients is allergic to the other’s medications.

Present medical conditions may not be treated by other person’s medicine. In fact, this could lead to life threatening ramifications.

Mrs Brown would not be able to have surgery if she received antihypertensive, hypoglycaemic agents and potentially Warfarin for atrial fibrillation.

Activity 2

Potential outcomes for Christine:

Anaphylaxis because she is allergic to penicillin.

Potential outcomes for Christopher:

He may have adverse reactions to the other medicines on Christine’s drug chart.



Locate the areas in the Patient Identification panel that would prevent these errors from being made:

URN

Address

Date of Birth

Sex.

Note: any allergies will be recorded in the allergy section of the drug chart.

Page 65

Activity 3



Activity 4

Page 68

Activity 5

Page 71

Activity 6



Page 72

Activity 7



Page 75

Activity 8a

Page 76

Activity 8b

Page 78

Activity 9a



Activity 9b

Page 80

Activity 10a

Activity 10b



Chapter 4: Using quality and risk management principles in drug calculations

Page 92

Activity 1

1 tablet

Page 93

Activity 2

(more than 5 mL and less than 10 mL)

Dose = 8.3 mL

Page 94

Activity 3

(less than 1 mL)

Dose = 0.6 mL



Chapter 5: General drug calculations

Page 98

Activity 1

Dose range is 340 − 595 mg

Activity 2

Expected dose = 325 mg

Activity 3

Expected dose = 2790 mg

Page 100

Activity 4

dose =1

2 tablet

Page 101

Activity 5

dose = 2 tablets

Activity 6

dose =1

2 tablet

Page 111

Activity 7

50 mg

Activity 8

50 g

Activity 9

𝑥 = 0.067 mg mL⁄

Page 114

Millilitres to administer to the patient

Activity 10

dose = 1.2 mL amoxycillin

Page 115

Activity 11

dose = 6 mL Gentamicin



Page 116

Activity 12

dose = 6.5mL Amiodarone



Chapter 6: Infusion calculations

Page 126

Activity 1

27.7 or 28 drops per minute

Page 127

Activity 2


Activity 3

25 drops per minute

Page 130

Activity 4

a Volume to be infused is 500 mL

b 83 mL/h

Page 131

Activity 5

50 mL/h

Activity 6

83 mL/h

Page 133

Activity 7

a Volume to be infused is 20 mL.

b 120 mL/h

Activity 8


b 20 mL/h

Activity 9


b 300 mL/h

Page 135

Activity 10

a 41.67 or 42 mL/h

b 790 mL to be infused.



Activity 11

a 125 mL/h

b 625 mL to be infused.

Activity 12

a 83 mL already infused

28 drops per minute

b 917 mL still to be infused.

Page 137

Activity 13

500 mL to be infused over the next 2 hours.

Activity 14


Activity 15


Activity 16



Activity 17

a 450 mL is the new volume to be infused.

b 50 mL/h

c the infusion should end at 1800 hours.

Activity 18

Given that only one minute has elapsed, the volume will not change, as only approximately 0.7 mL has been dispensed.




Chapter 7: Paediatric calculations

Page 142

Activity 1

a Dose = 0.90 mg

b Volume = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟓 𝐦𝐋

Activity 2

a Dose = 60 mg

b Volume = 𝟎. 𝟔 𝒎𝑳

Activity 3

a Dose = 5.5 mg

b Volume = 𝟏. 𝟏 𝐦𝐋

Page 146

Activity 4

0.82 m2

Activity 5

0.29 m2

Activity 6

0.57 m2

Page 148

Solve the following reconstitution problems to give a total of 10 mL solution:

Activity 7

a 8.6 mL WFI gives 200 mg/mL b 7.5 mL to give 1.5 g IVI

Activity 8

a 9.8 mL WFI gives 25 mg/mL b 6 mL to give 150 g IVI

Activity 9

a 8.8 mL WFI gives 100 mg/mL b 7.5 mL to give 750 mg IVI



Page 158

Activity 10

0.85 m2

Activity 11

Salbutamol

2.5 mL

Paracetamol

6.9 mL

Ibuprofen

2.75 mL

Flucloxacillin

5.5 mL



Chapter 8: Aged care calculations

Pages 174–177

Activity 1

Atenolol

1

2 tablet Atenolol

Phenytoin

42 mL Phenytoin

Paracetamol

2 tablets paracetamol

Frusemide

4 mL frusemide (2 ampoules)

Digoxin

1

2 tablet digoxin

Enalapril

1

2 tablet enalapril

Diclofenac

2 tablets of diclofenac, but check with prescriber as enteric-coated tablets cannot be crushed.

Tramadol

1 mL tramadol



Chapter 9: Midwifery calculations

Page 184

Activity 1a

Pethidine

2 mL

Metaclopramide

2 mL

Page 185

Activity 1b

Syntocinon

2 mL

Ergometrine

0.5 mL

Page 186

Activity 1c

250 mL/h

Activity 1d

Konakion (Vitamin K)

0.1 mL Konakion IM



Chapter 10: Mental health calculations

Pages 199–202

Activity 1

Diazepam (oral)

2 tablets of diazepam

Haloperidol

0.5 mL haloperidol

Chlorpromazine

1

2 tablet chlorpromazine

Lithium

2 tablets of lithium

Diazepam (IV)

1 mL diazepam

Note: Temazepam is used to treat insomnia and would be given at 2200 hours.



Chapter 11: Critical care and high dependency dosage calculations

Page 212

Activity 1

Formula method

Calculate rate in mL/min

0.015 mL/min

Calculate flow rate in mL/h

0.9 mL/h GTN infusion

Ratio method

50 mg GTN is the same as 50 000 mcg GTN


0.015 mL/min


0.9 mL/h GTN

Activity 2

4 mg Noradrenaline is equivalent to 4000 mcg

Formula method


0.15 mL/min


9 mL/h Noradrenaline infusion

Ratio method


𝓍 = 0.15 mL/min

Calculate rate in mL/h

9 mL/h Noradrenaline infusion

Activity 3

5 mg Salbutamol is equivalent to 5000 mcg

Formula method


1.5 mL/min


90 mL/h Salbutamol infusion



Ratio method


𝓍 = 1.5 mL/min


𝓍 = 90 mL/h rate gives 15 mcg/min Salbutamol

Page 216

Activity 4

14.6 mL/h

Activity 5

24.9 mL/h

Activity 6

3.4 mL/h

Page 219

Activity 7

a Volume to be infused is 4 mL bolus

b 48 mL/h

Activity 8


b 30 mL/h

Activity 9


b The fastest rate possible on an infusion pump is 999 mL/h, so you would set that.



Chapter 12: Ocular therapy calculations

Page 224

Activity 1

a Chlorsig is an ointment in a paraffin base. This is measured in a linear form.

Predifren is medication in a liquid form. This is measured in drops.

b The liquid eye drops need to be administered first, followed 5 minutes later by the

ointment.

Activity 2

He requires additional medication in his right eye only to additionally treat his

glaucoma

Activity 3

5 minutes

Activity 4

Use the (double DOT) eyelid closure and digital occlusion of the tear duct for at least

2 minutes following instillation of the eye drops.



Chapter 13: Practice questions

Page 227

General mathematics:

1. 19

2. 74

3. 492

4. 1113

5. 488

6. 389

7. 87

8. 2634

9. 4824

10. 45

11. 498

12. 648

13. 1598 × 18 = 28 764

14. 4852 × 45 = 218 340

15. 9889 × 72 = 712 008

16. 9

17. 24

18. 55

19. 63

20. 93

Fractions – simplify the following:

21. 8 1

24 3

22. 25 1

1000 40

23. 13 1

39 3

24. 2 1

13 138 4

25. 22 11

4 430 15



26. 27 25

5 5

27. 19 32

8 8

28. 23 53

6 6

29. 1251

125

30. 23 51

18 18

31. 1 3 3 1

6 23 138 46

32. 17 5 85

23 9 207

33. 7 1 7

25 2 50

34. 1 2 2

3 9 27

35. 2 7 1 7 7

5 22 5 11 55

36. 2 19 2 23 46

3 23 3 19 57

37. 1 9 1 11 11

2 11 2 9 18

38. 3 2 3 5 15

11 5 11 2 22

39. 7 1 7 2 14

25 2 25 1 25

40. 13 3 13 4 52 26

22 4 22 3 66 33

Page 228

Convert the following fractions to decimals:

41. 0.86 42. 0.88 43. 0.26 44. 0.61 45. 0.35



Decimals:

46. 0.158

47. 0.098

48. 0.096

49. 5.746

50. 5.281

51. 82.82

52. 0.29

53. 8.31

54. 60.32

55. 4.87

56. 6198.3

57. 3054.87

58. 5568.42

59. 1396.55

60. 768.96

61. 1.70

62. 0.14

63. 0.14

64. 1.90

65. 18

Conversion:

a) 0.475 g

b) 2.5 L

c) 0.125 mg

d) 0.5 g

e) 35 000 mg

f) 750 000 mcg

General questions:

1. 6.3 mL

2. 8.3 mL



3. 4.2 mL

4. 3.1 mL

5. 6 mL

6. 1.5 mL

7. 2.4 mL

8. 2.5 mL

9. 0.5 mL

10. 8.3 mL

11. 20.8 mL

12. 2.5 mL

13. 0.6 mL

14. 1.25 mL

15. 15 mL

16. 3 suppositories

17. 3 tablets

18. 4 tablets

19. 32.5 mL

20. 7.5 mL

21. 0.93 mL

22. 1.2 units

23. 50 mL

24. a. 2.5 tablets b. 7.5 tablets

25. ¾ tablet

26. 12.5 mL

27. 1.2 mL

28. 3 mane, 3 lunch, 2 nocte

29. 0.5 tablets

30. 1.5 tablets

31. 3.5 mL

32. 6 tablets

33. 30 mL

34. 25 mL/h

35. 1000 units/h

36. 80mg/h

37. 20mL/h

38. 60mL/h



39.

Formula method


0.2 mL/min


12 mL per hour Milronine infusion

Ratio method


𝓍 = 0.2 mL/min


𝓍 = 12 mL h⁄ rate gives 40 mcg min⁄ , which is the equivalent of 0.5 mcg kg⁄ /min for this 80 kg patient

40.

Formula method


0.05 mL/min


3 mL per hour GTN infusion

Ratio method


𝓍 = 0.05 mL/min


𝓍 = 3 mL h⁄ rate gives 5 mcg min⁄

41.

a. Total dose

Dose 1: 180 mcg

Dose 2: 90 mcg

Dose 3: 90 mcg

To calculate total dose, simply add the three doses together:

360 mcg Digoxin

b. Initial loading dose (from part a) is 180 mcg

3.6 mL Digoxin mixture for loading dose

c. Amount to be administered for doses 2 and 3, i.e. 90 mcg



1.8 mL Digoxin mixture for doses 2 and 3 (each, not combined)

42.

0.48 mg per dose

43.

86.9 kg

44.

14.58 mL/min

45.

a. 57

8

b. 251

2

46.

a. 1

1000

b. 1

500

47.

a. 77%

b. 85%

48.

a. 75%

b. 20%

49.

a. 3

20

b. 11

50

50.

1.6 mg in 1 mL or 1.6 mg/mL



Page 232

51.

0.5 units in 1 mL or 0.5 units/mL

52.

a. 55.5 or 56 drops per minute

b. 166.67 mL/h or 167 mL/h (rounded up)

53.

a. 41.66 or 42 drops per minute

b. 125 mL/h

54.

15 mL over 5 minutes

180 mL/h

55.

20 mL over 8 minutes

150 mL/hr

56.

125 mL/hr

57.

This infusion is running at 2.1 mL/min.

125 mL/h

58.

a. 9 h remaining

b. 15 mins remaining

59.

a. 8.8 mL diluent required

b. 9.3 mL diluent required

60.

a. 1.436 m2 or 1.44 m2

b. 1.333 m2 or 1.33 m2



61.

a. 350 mcg/min

Formula method

0.44 mL/min

Calculate rate in mL/hr:

26.25 or 26.3 mL/h

Ratio method

Calculate rate in mL/min:

𝓍 = 0.438 mL/min Calculate rate in mL/hr: 26.3 mL/h

b. Infusion 3 mg (3000 mcg) Noradrenaline in 50 mL

Formula method


0.133 mL/min

Calculate rate in mL/h:

7.99 or 8 mL/h

Ratio method


𝓍 = 0.133 mL/min

Calculate rate in mL/h:

7.99 or 8 mL h⁄



Drug chart questions:

Page 233

Page 234



Page 235

Page 236

Chapter 1: Basic mathematics - · PDF fileBrotto 1e Clinical Dosage Calculations for Australia...

Documents

Transcript of Chapter 1: Basic mathematics - · PDF fileBrotto 1e Clinical Dosage Calculations for Australia...