Introduction to Information Systems

1

Why Should I Study Information Systems?Overview of Computer-Based Information

SystemsHow Does IT Impact Organizations?Importance of Information Systems to Society

[ Opening Case Today, Every Company Is a Technology Company]

The Business Problem

Software DisruptionsMobile Phone CarriersCredit Card IssuersTechnology Companies

The Results

What We Learned from This Case

About [small] business

Warby Parker1.1 It uses it’s website to sell eyewear directly to consumers. Have an application that permits shoppers to upload photos of themselves to virtually try on eyeglass frames.  They currently provide an individualized shopping experiences that has attracted a devoted following among young, trendy professionals. They might consider permitting shoppers to “build” their own glasses using a set of parts options.

Why Should I Study Information Systems

1.1The Informed User—You!IT Offers Career OpportunitiesManaging Information Resources

The Informed User – You!1. You benefit more when you understand what is

“behind” IT applications2. You can provide valuable input3. You can recommend and help select IT Applications4. You will be aware of new technology5. You understand how IT improves performance6. Understanding IT is very beneficial to

entrepreneurs.

IT Offers Career OpportunitiesIT is vital to modern business providing many

lucrative career opportunitiesProgrammers, business analysts, systems analysts, and designersChief Information Officer (CIO) – executive in charge of the IS

functionCareer opportunities will remain strong in the future

Managing Information ResourcesManaging Information Resources is difficult and

complex because: IS has an enormous strategic value to organizations IS’s are very expensive to acquire, operate, and maintainEvolution of the MIS function within the organization

Managing Information Resources MIS personnel vs. end usersChanging Role of the IS Department

Traditional Function of the MIS DepartmentNew (Consultative) Functions of the MIS Department

Traditional Function of the MIS DepartmentManaging systems development and systems

project managementManaging computer operationsStaffing, training, and developing IS skillsProviding technical servicesInfrastructure planning, development, and control

New (Consultative) Functions of the MIS DepartmentInitiating and designing specific strategic ISIncorporating the Internet and e-commerce into

the businessManaging system integration including Internet,

Intranets, and ExtranetsEducating the MIS staff about the business

New (Consultative) Functions of the MIS Department Partnering with business-unit executivesManaging outsourcingProactively using business and technical

knowledge to seed innovative IT ideasCreating business alliances with business

partners

Overview of Computer-Based Information Systems

1.2Types of Computer-Based Information

SystemsData – Information – KnowledgeComputer-Based Information System

(CBIS)Types of Computer-Based Information

Systems (CBIS)

Data versus Information versus Knowledge

Computer-Based Information Systems (CBIS)

Breadth of Support for Information Systems (IS)Functional Area Information Systems (FAIS)Enterprise Resource Planning Systems (ERP)Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)Interorganizational Information Systems (IOS)E-Commerce Systems

Major Capabilities of Information Systems Perform high-speed, high-volume numerical computations. Provide fast, accurate communication and collaboration

within and among organizations. Store huge amounts of information in an easy-to-access,

yet small space. Allow quick and inexpensive access to vast amounts of

information, worldwide. Interpret vast amounts of data quickly and efficiently. Automate both semiautomatic business processes and

manual tasks.

Breadth of Support of Information SystemsFunctional Area Information Systems (FAIS)

AccountingFinanceProduction & Operations ManagementMarketingHR

Breadth of Support of Information Systems Two Information Systems support the entire

organization:Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems

Provide communication among functional area ISsTransaction Processing Systems (TPS)

Support the “real time” monitoring, collection, storage, and processing of data from the organization’s day to day operations

Breadth of Support of Information Systems Interorganizational Information Systems (IOS)

Supports many Interorganizational operationsExamples of IOS:

Supply Chain Management (SCM)Electronic commerce (e-commerce) systems

Support for Organizational EmployeesClerical WorkersKnowledge Workers Office Automation Systems

(OAS)Business Intelligence (BI)Expert Systems (ES)Dashboards (aka Digital Dashboards)

How Does IT Impact Organizations?

1.3IT Reduces the Number of Middle

ManagersIT Changes the Manager’s JobWill IT Eliminate Jobs?IT Impacts Employees at Work

IS that function among multiple organizations

IT Reduces the Number of Middle ManagersIT makes middle managers more productiveConsequently, IT reduces the number of middle

managers required

IT Changes the Manager’s JobDecision making is the most important

managerial taskIT changes the way managers make decisions

IT provides near-real-time informationManagers have less time to make decisions IT provides tools for analysis to assist in decision making

Will IT Eliminate Jobs?The competitive advantage of replacing people

with IT & machines is increasing rapidlyIncreasing the use of IT in business also:

Creates new job categoriesRequires more employees with IT knowledge and skills

IT Impacts Employees at Work IT Impacts Employees’ Health & Safety

Job Stress Long-term use of the keyboard & mouse

IT Provides Opportunities for People with Disabilities Speech-recognition for employees unable to type due to

physical impairment Audible screen tips for employees who are visually impaired

Importance of Information Systems to Society

1.4IT Affects Our Quality of LifeThe Robots Revolution Is Here NowImprovements in Healthcare

IT Affects Our Quality of Life

IT has changed the way we workSmartphones provide constant access to text, email, and voice

communicationsThe lines between time at work and leisure time at home have

become blurredSurveys indicate employees take laptops and smartphones on

vacation

The Robot Revolution is Here NowRobotics used in Industry:

ManufacturingHospitalsFarming operations

The Robot Revolution is Here NowRobotics used in the Home:

Roomba to vacuum our floorsScooba to wash our floorsVerro to clean our poolsLooj to clean our gutters

’S ABOUT BUSINESSDifferent Types of Robots

1. Discuss some disadvantages of (a) telepresence robots, (b) autonomous cars, and (c) drones.

2. Would you be willing to ride in an autonomous car? Why or why not?

3. Which occupations are most at risk from a widespread adoption of autonomous cars? Support your answer.

4. Debate the privacy issues associated with domestic use of drones by law enforcement agencies.

Improvements in HealthcareIT used in Healthcare to:

Make better/faster diagnosesMonitor critically ill patients more accuratelyStreamline the process of researching & developing new drugsTo enhance the work of radiologistsAllow surgeons to use virtual reality to plan complex surgeries

& use robots to remotely perform surgery

’S ABOUT BUSINESSGetting Kids in

Shape1. Why is Zamzee using

games to help kids lose weight?

2. In your opinion, would Zamzee be as successful for adult weight loss? Why or why not?

[ Closing Case Baxter: Coming to Work Right Next to You ]

The Business Problem

Software DisruptionsMobile Phone CarriersCredit Card IssuersTechnology Companies

The Results

What We Learned from This Case