Chapter 1

Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Why Study Computers and Digital Technologies?

Please discontinue use

of cell phone

and turn off the ringer.

What is a Computer?

The Power of Connections

What Can Computers Do?

Information Systems

Using Digital Technologies to Succeed in Your Career

Using Digital Technologies to Achieve Personal Goals

Information Security and the Social Impact and Implications of Digital Technologies

Why Study Computers and

Digital Technologies?

Chapter 1

Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Why Study Computers and Digital Technologies? >

Computer Literacy

A working understanding of the fundamentals of

the computers and their uses.

Was for desktops only. Now for everything

Technology: tools material and processes that

help solve human problems.

Digital: technologies and devices based on digits

(numbers)

Digital electronic device: a device that stores

and processes bits electronically.


A Computer is…

A digital electronics device

that combines hardware and

software to accept the input

of data, process and store

the data, and produce some

useful output.

Tangible

components

Electronic

instructions


Hardware, software

Hardware are tangible components of a

computer system. Or a digital device

Software comprises the electronic

instructions that govern the computer

system’s functioning


Digital Technology

Technology refers to tools,

materials, and processes

that help solve human

problems.

Many of today’s

technologies fall under the

classification of digital

electronics.


Digital Electronics

Digital electronics devices store and process

bits electronically.

A bit represents data using 1’s and 0’s

Eight bits is a byte – the standard grouping

in digital electronics

Digitization is the process of transforming

information into 1’s and 0’s

For more on digitization:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digitization

http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/analog-digital.htm

http://www.hardwaresecrets.com/article/317

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digitization




http://www.hardwaresecrets.com/article/317


What is a bit and a byte A bit is a Binary Digit.

The word binary means it is one of two things

In the digital world Binary usually refers to either

0 and 1

A byte is a group of 8 bits of any order


Everything is 0’s and 1’s

How many different combinations can

you get from 0’s and 1’s In a byte you can get 256 different combinations

HOW?

Look at an ASCII TABLE

http://educate.intel.com/en/TheJourneyInside/InstructionalS

trategies/IS_DigitalInformation/iwb_image7.htm

http://educate.intel.com/en/TheJourneyInside/InstructionalStrategies/IS_DigitalInformation/iwb_image7.htm

http://educate.intel.com/en/TheJourneyInside/InstructionalStrategies/IS_DigitalInformation/iwb_image7.htm


Knowledge Worker

Today’s well-equipped

knowledge worker makes use

of many digital technologies.


Producing Valuable Information

Data: items stored on a digital electronics

device: numbers, characters, & sounds

Information: data organized and presented in

a manner that provides value to the user:

documents, graphs,

music, photos

http://www.apple.com/iphone/iphone-3gs/


Data vs. Information

Data

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Information


Microprocessor

Sometimes called a chip or

just a processor, combines

microscopic electronic

components on a single

integrated circuit that

processes bits according to

software instructions.


Digital Technology Metrics

Kilo, Mega, Giga, what comes next?


Types of computers

Personal computers

Servers

Supercomputers

Special purpose computers


Key Terms

Desktop computer

Notebook computer

Netbooks

Tablet PC

Smart phone

Personal Computer (PC)

Examples:

www.hp.com

www.apple.com

www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/tabletpc

http://www.hp.com/

http://www.apple.com/

http://www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/tabletpc


Desktop Computer (PC)

Many brands

Dell, HP, Sony, etc

Custom built.

Components are apart


Notebook and netbook

Notebook are often called

laptops

Different sizes (powerful)

NetBooks are like note book

but are smaller and (less

powerful)


Tablet PC

Small portable personal computers

Has touch-screen

Handheld computers or PDAs

(personal digital assistant) was also a

type of computers but mainly

replaced by smart cell phones


Smart Cell phones

Replaced PDA’s

Has everything you want (except

the kitchen’s sink)

Web browsing

Email checking

Sound recorder

Camera

Others


Synchronize

When you

synchronize or sync

two digital devices,

you update the files

shared between the

devices so that both

copies are up-to-date

and identical.


Computing Platform

A computer’s type,

processor, and operating

system define its computing

platform.

http://na.blackberry.com/eng/devices/blackberrybold9700/


Servers

Powerful computers with

multiple processors and big

memory

Run 365 days a year (24/7)

Many types

Web server

File server

Print server

Email server

Mainframe servers


Super computers

Most powerful computers

Handle extreme computation

stress


Types of General Purpose

Computer Systems

Personal Computer (PC)

Workstation

Powerful, multiprocessor,

special-purpose PC

Server

Powerful, multiprocessor

computers that provide

services to many users over a

network

Supercomputer

Most powerful with fastest

processing speeds


Special-Purpose Computers

A kiosk is a computer

station that provides the

public with specific and

useful information and

services.

The processor and operating system used

in the Kindle allow users to connect to the

Kindle store, where books, magazines,

newspapers, and blogs are available to

download for a fee.


Key Terms

Telecommunications

Computer Networks

Protocols

The Internet

World Wide Web

Wireless Network

Wi-Fi

The Power of Connections


Telecommunications &

Computer Networks

Telecommunications

are communications that

take place electronically

over a distance.

A computer network is

a telecommunications

network that connects

two or more computers

for data communications.


The Internet & Web

The Internet is the world's largest public computer network, a network of networks, that provides a vast array of services.

The Web is an Internet service that provides convenient access to information through hyperlinks

1,463,632,361

Internet Users

& Growing


Wireless Campus

Wireless Networking

Wireless networks use radio signals

rather than cables to connect users.

Wi-fi is a popular wireless standard.

Wi-fi

Access

Point


Digital convergence The integration of two or more digital technologies into one

device


Key Terms

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Automation

VoIP

Database

What Can Computers Do?


The Computer and Human Relationship

The creative and

interpersonal

endeavors that people

find most engaging,

computers are ill suited

to perform … as of yet.


Computation

Computers were

invented to compute

– calculate solutions

to mathematical

problems.

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

deals with simulating human

thought and behavior in

computers.


Automation

Automation

involves utilizing

computers to

control otherwise

human actions

and activities.


Communication

Computer systems control,

support, or provide many forms

of communication.

E-mail

Instant messaging

Blogs

Social networking


Entertainment

Digital technologies not only enrich people’s

entertainment experiences, but also have

revolutionized entertainment distribution.


Information

A Computer-based

Information System

(CBIS) uses these

components to

manage and distribute

information.

Database is a

collection of data

stored on a computer

and organized to meet

users’ needs.


Key Terms

Information technology (IT)

Systems development

Transaction support system (TPS)

Management Information System (MIS)

Decision Support System (DSS)

Expert System

Information Systems


Information Technology (IT)

IT can be defined as issues related to the

components of a computer-based information

system.


Information Systems

Systems

development is

the activity of

creating or

modifying existing

information

systems.

NASA scientists use management information systems to examine the data

sent from Mars Rovers.


E-Commerce

refers to the buying and selling of products or services over

electronic systems such as the Internet and other computer

networks.


Management Information

System

A management information system (MIS) provides information

which is needed to manage organizations efficiently and

effectively. Management information systems involve three

primary resources: people, technology, and information

MIS usually takes data from the transaction processing

systems and summarize it into a series of management reports.


Expert System

computer system that emulates the decision-making ability of a

human expert.

Netflix Cinematch


Key Terms

Information Security

Hacker

Digital divide

Information Security and the Social

Impact of Digital Technologies


Information Security

Information security refers to the protection of information systems and the information they manage against unauthorized access, use, manipulation, or destruction, and against the denial of service to authorized users.

More on Info Sec at

www.cert.org

www.whitehouse.gov/pcipb/

www.issa.org

Hacker

an individual who subverts

computer security without

authorization.

http://www.cert.org/

http://www.whitehouse.gov/pcipb/

http://www.issa.org/


Best Hackers

http://www.focus.com/fyi/top-10-most-

famous-hackers-all-time/

Jonathan James:

juvenile to be sent to prison for hacking. He

was sentenced at 16 years old.

installed a backdoor into a Defense Threat

Reduction Agency server.

cracked into NASA computers, stealing

software worth approximately $1.7 million.

http://www.focus.com/fyi/top-10-most-famous-hackers-all-time/














Jonathan James

James explained that he downloaded the code

to supplement his studies on C programming,

but contended, "The code itself was crappy . . .

certainly not worth $1.7 million like they

claimed


The Impact of Digital

Technologies on the World

Digital divide : gap between those individuals

and communities that have, and do not have,

access to the information technologies that

are transforming our lives


Computer platform

Cpu

OS

And the computer type


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Chapter 1

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