Chapter 06 General Anatomy And Physiology

Milady’s StandardCosmetology

Cosmetology: General Anatomy and Physiology

MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY

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Objectives• Explain the importance of anatomy and

physiology to the cosmetology profession• Describe cells, their structure, and their

reproduction• Define tissue and identify the types of

tissues found in the body• Name the 10 main body systems and explain

their basic functions


Anatomy Defined: The study of the structures of

the human body that can be seen with the naked eye and what it is made of;

the science of the structure of organisms or of their parts


Physiology Defined: The study of the functions and activities performed by the body’s

structures


Histology Defined: The study of the science

of the minute structures of organic tissues; microscopic anatomy


Cells• Composition• Nucleus• Cytoplasm• Centrosome• Cell membrane


• Cell reproduction and division– Adequate food supply– Adequate oxygen supply– Adequate water supply– Waste elimination– Proper temperature

Cells


• Cell metabolism– Anabolism– Catabolism

Cells


Tissues• Connective tissue• Epithelial tissue• Liquid tissue• Muscular tissue• Nerve tissue


Organs• Brain• Eyes• Heart• Kidneys• Lungs• Liver• Skin• Stomach/intestines


Systems• Circulatory• Digestive• Endocrine• Excretory• Integumentary


• Muscular• Nervous• Reproductive• Respiratory• Skeletal

Systems


Skeletal System• Bone composition• Osteology• Primary function• Joints• Parts of skull


• Bones of cranium• Bones of face

Skeletal System


• Bones of neck• Bones of trunk/torso

Skeletal System


• Bones of arm and hand

Skeletal System


• Bones of the leg and foot

Skeletal System


Muscular System Myology: The study of the structure, function, and diseases of the muscles. Human body has over 600 muscles

responsible for 40% of body’s weight; fibrous tissues with the ability to

stretch and contract


Muscular Tissue• Striated muscles • Nonstriated muscles • Cardiac muscles


Muscle Parts• Origin• Insertion• Belly


Stimulation of Muscles• Massage• Electric current• Light rays• Heat rays• Moist heat• Nerve impulses• Chemicals


Scalp Muscles• Epicranius or

occipito-frontalis– Occipitalis– Frontalis– Epicranial

Aponeurosis


Muscles of the Ear• Auricularis superior• Auricularis anterior• Auricularis posterior


Muscles of Mastication• Masseter• Temporalis


Neck Muscles• Platysma• Sternocleidomastoideus


Eyebrow Muscles• Orbicularis oculi• Corrugator


Muscles of the Nose• Procerus• Other nasal muscles


Muscles of the Mouth• Buccinator• Depressor labii inferioris• Levator anguli oris• Levator labii superioris• Mentalis


• Orbicularis oris• Risorius• Triangularis• Zygomaticus major and minor

Muscles of the Mouth


Muscles – Arms to Body• Latissimus dorsi• Pectoralis major and minor• Serratus anterior • Trapezius


Shoulder and Arm Muscles• Deltoid• Biceps• Triceps• Pronator• Supinator• Flexors• Extensors


Muscles of the Hand• Abductor• Adductor


Muscles of the Lower Leg and Foot

• Extensor digitorum longus• Tibialis anterior• Peroneus longus• Peroneus brevis• Gastrocnemius• Soleus


Nervous System Neurology defined: The scientific study

of the structure, function, and pathology of the nervous system


Divisions of the Nervous System

• Cerebrospinal system• Peripheral nervous system• Autonomic nervous system


The Brain and Spinal Cord• Brain is largest mass of body tissue• Average weight is 44 – 48 ounces• Twelve pairs of cranial nerves originate in

the brain• Spinal cord originates in brain• Thirty-one pairs of spinal nerves extend

from the spinal cord


Nerve Cell Structure and Function

• Neuron or nerve Cell• Dendrites• Axon and axon terminal• Nerves


Types of Nerves• Sensory• Motor• Mixed• Reflex


Nerves of Head, Face, and Neck

• 5th cranial, trifacial, trigeminal


Nerves of Head, Face, and Neck

• 7th cranial• Cervical


Nerves of Arm and Hand• Ulnar• Radial• Median• Digital


Nerves of the Lower Leg and Foot• Tibial• Common peroneal• Deep peroneal• Superficial peroneal• Saphenous• Sural• Dorsal


Circulatory System• Blood-vascular system• Lymph-vascular system• Heart

– Pericardium– Resting Heart Rate


Heart Chambers and Valves• Right and left atrium

• Right and left ventricle

• Valves

• Atria


Blood Circulation• Pulmonary circulation• Systemic or general circulation


Blood Vessels• Arteries

• Capillaries

• Veins


The Blood• Sticky, salty fluid• Temperature of 98.6 degrees F• 1/20th of body weight• 8 – 10 pints in adults• Bright red in arteries• Dark red in veins (except pulmonary)


Blood Composition• Red corpuscles• White corpuscles• Blood platelets• Plasma


Blood Functions• Carries water, oxygen, food, secretions

to cells• Carries away carbon dioxide and waste• Helps equalize body temperature• Clotting


Lymph-Vascular Functions• Nourishment• Defense• Remove waste• Fluid environment


Arteries of Head, Face, Neck• Common carotid• Internal division• External division

– Superficial temporal artery– Occipital artery– Posterior auricular artery


Facial Artery• Submental artery• Inferior labial artery• Angular artery• Superior labial artery


Superficial Temporal Artery• Frontal artery• Parietal artery• Transverse facial artery• Middle temporal artery• Anterior auricular artery


External/InternalCarotid Artery Branches

• Occipital artery• Posterior auricular artery• Supraorbital artery• Infraorbital artery


Veins of Head, Face, and Neck• Internal jugular• External jugular


Blood Supply for Arm and Hand• Ulnar arteries• Radial arteries


Blood Supply for Foot and Leg• Popliteal artery• Anterior tibial• Dorsalis pedis


Endocrine System• Exocrine or duct glands• Endocrine or ductless glands


Digestive System• Digestion• Digestive enzymes


Excretory System• Kidneys• Liver• Skin• Large intestine• Lungs


Respiratory System• Diaphragm• Lungs


Integumentary System• The skin• Various accessory organs

– Oil glands– Sweat glands– Sensory receptors– Hair– Nails


Summary and Review• Define anatomy, physiology, and

histology


Summary and Review• Why is the study of anatomy,

physiology, and histology important to the cosmetologist?


Summary and Review• Name and describe the basic

structure of a cell• Explain cell metabolism and its

purpose


• List and describe the functions of the five types of tissue found in the human body.

• What are organs?• List and describe the functions of the

main organs found in the body

Summary and Review


• Name the 10 body systems and their main functions

Summary and Review


• List the primary functions of bones• Name and describe the three types of

muscular tissue found in the body

Summary and Review


• Name and describe the three types of nerves found in the body

• Name and briefly describe the three types of blood vessels found in the body

Summary and Review


• List and describe the components of blood

• Name and discuss the two types of glands found in the human body

• List the organs of the excretory system and their function

Summary and Review


Congratulations!

You’ve just completedone unit of study toward

program completion!

Chapter 06 General Anatomy And Physiology

Health & Medicine

Transcript of Chapter 06 General Anatomy And Physiology