Chapter: 01 C++ Revision Tour. HEADER FILE Name the header file to be included for the use of...

Chapter: 01 C++ Revision Tour

HEADER FILE

• Name the header file to be included for the use of following built-in functions:

(i) frexp()

(ii) toupper()

(iii) getc()

(iv) strcat()

(v) isupper()

(vi) setw()

(vii) exp()

(viii) strcmp()

(ix) isdigit()

(x) log()

(xi) scanf()

(xii) system()

(xiii)getchar()

(xiv)clrscr()

(xv) strcpy()

(xvi)getxy()

(xvii)puts()

(xviii) gets()

(xix)cos()

(xx) gotoxy()

(xxi)isalnum()

(xxii)fabs()

(xxiii)strlen()

(xxiv)exit()

HEADER FILEAnswers:

(i) frexp() math.h

(ii) toupper() ctype.h

(iii) getc() stdio.h

(iv) strcat() string.h

(v) isupper() ctype.h

(vi) setw() iomanip.h

(vii) exp() math.h

(viii) strcmp() string.h

(ix) isdigit() ctype.h

(x) log() math.h

(xi) scanf() stdio.h

(xii) system() stdlib.h

(xiii)getchar() stdio.h

(xiv)clrscr() conio.h

(xv) strcpy() string.h

(xvi)getxy() conio.h

(xvii)puts() stdio.h

(xviii)gets() stdio.h

(xix)cos() math.h

(xx) gotoxy() conio.h

(xxi)isalnum() ctype.h

(xxii)fabs() math.h

(xxiii) strlen() string.h

(xxiv) exit() process.h

Differentiation

• What is the difference between Local Variable and Global Variable? Also, give a suitable C++ code to illustrate both.

Local Variable Global Variable

1. It is a variable which is declared within a function or within a block.

1. It is variable which is declared outside all the functions

2. It is accessible only with in a function/block in which it is declared

2. It is accessible throughout the program

Differentiation

• What is the difference between #define and const? Explain with suitable example.

#define const

1. It can only define simple constants.

1. It can define any type of C++ constant including class, structure constant

2. Values assigned before compilation.

2. Values assigned while program starts running.

3. Example: #define MAX 10

3. Example: const int MAX = 10

Differentiation

• What is the difference between call by value and call by reference? Also, give a suitable C++ code to illustrate both.

• Distinguish between an object and a class• Reusability of classes is one of the major properties of

OOP. How is it implemented in C++• Differentiate between Data Hiding and Encapsulation.• What is the purpose of header file in a program?• Differentiate between the post-increment and pre-

increment

Differentiation

• Differentiate between a Run Time and Syntax Error. Also give suitable examples of each in C++.

• Differentiate between a Logical Error and Syntax Error. Also give suitable examples of each in C++.

• How is an entry controlled loop different from exit controlled loop?

• What is the difference between Actual Parameter and Formal Parameter? Also, give a suitable C++ code to illustrate both.

QUESTIONS RELATED TO ERRORSQ1. Rewrite the following program after removing the syntactical errors (if any). Underline each correction.

#include[iostream.h]typedef char Text(80);void main(){Text T= “Indian”;int Count = strlen(T);cout<< T << ’has’ << Count << ‘characters’ <<endl;}


#include<iostream.h>void main(){first = 4, second =6;show(first ; second);show(first);}void show(int a, int b = 30){

a = a + b;cout<< a >> b;

}


#include<iostream.h>#define SIZE =10void main( ){

int a[SIZE]={10,20,30,40,50};float x=2;SIZE=5;for(i=0, i<SIZE; i++)cout<<a[i]%x ;

}


#include [iostream.h]class PAYITNOW{int Charge;PUBLIC:

void Raise(){cin>>Charge;}void Show{cout<<Charge;}

};void main(){

PAYITNOW P;P.Raise();Show();

}

QUESTIONS RELATED TO ERRORSQ5.

class code{ int num; char branch;

static int count;code (int i =0, char b);

public:code (code A){ num = A.num;

branch = A.branch;}~ code ( ) { cout<< “Destroying Object” << --count <<endl; }

};code (int i, char b){ num = i;

branch = b;}void main( ){ code x1, x2; }


#include <iostream.h> struct Value { int Color,Style; } void main() {

Value Point1=(5,3); Displayelements(Point1); Value Point2=Point1; Color.Point1+=2; Displayelements(Point2);

} void Displayelements(Value P) { cout<<P.Color<<P.Style<<endl; }


#include<iostream.h>

void main( )

{

struct test

{

char test_name[20];

char type;

int tickets=10;

} object;

gets(test_name);

puts(test_name);

}

QUESTIONS RELATED TO OUTPUTSQ1. Give the output of the following Program:

#include <iostream.h>int g=20;void func(int &x ,int y){

x=x-y; y=x*10;cout<<x<<“,”<<y<<“\n”;

}void main( ){

int g=7;func(g,::g);cout<<g<“,”<<::g<<“\n”;func(::g,g);cout<<g<“,”<<::g<<“\n”;

}


#include<iostream.h>int a = 3;void demo (int &x, int y, int *z){

a + = x;y * = a;*z = a + y;cout<<a<<”, “<<x<< “,”<<y<<”,“<<*z<<endl;

}

void main( ){

int a = 2, b=5;demo(::a,a,&b);cout<<::a<<”,”<<a<<”,”<<b;

}


#include <iostream.h> #include<conio.h> void Updatevalues(int Arr[ ], int Count) { for (int C=1;C<Count;C++)

Arr[C-1]+=Arr[C]; } void main() { clrscr(); int A[]={8,9,10},B[]={100,200,300,400},C[]={90,120}; Updatevalues(A,3); Updatevalues(B,4); Updatevalues(C,2);

for(int L=0 ; L<3 ; L++) cout<<A[L]<<'#'; cout<<endl;

for(L=0 ; L<4 ; L++) cout<<B[L] <<'#'; cout<<endl;

for(L=0 ; L<2 ; L++) cout<<C[L] <<'#';

}


#define i 5class TEMP{ static int a;

float b;public:TEMP( ){ b=10; }void INTEMP( ){

a++;b=a+10;

}void OUTTEMP( ){ cout<<a*i<<"$"<<b-3<<endl; }

};

int TEMP::a=2;void main(){

TEMP ob[5];for(int x=1;x<5;x++)

ob[x].INTEMP( );for(x=1;x<5;x++)

ob[x].OUTTEMP( );}


#include<iostream.h>#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>void TRANSFER(char *s1,char *s2){

int n,j=0;for(int i=0;*(s1+i)!='\0';i++){

n=*(s1+i);if(n%2==0)*(s2+j++)=*(s1+i);

} *(s2+j) = ‘\0’;

}

void main(){

char *p="ChaRlesBabBaGe",q[80];TRANSFER(p,q);cout<<q<<endl;

}


#include<iostream.h>void withdef ( int HisNum = 30){

for ( int I = 20 ; I<= HisNum; I+= 5)cout<< I <<”,”;cout<<endl;

}void Control( int &MyNum ){ MyNum + = 10;

withdef(MyNum);}void main( ){ int YourNum = 30;

Control(YourNum );withdef( );cout<< “Number=”<<YourNum<<endl;

}


void main( ){

char * NAME = “inForMATion”;for( int x=0;x<strlen(NAME);x++)

if(islower(NAME[x])NAME[x] = toupper(NAME[x]);

else if(isupper (NAME[x]))if(x%2==0)

NAME[x] = NAME[x -1];else

NAME[x]--;cout<<NAME <<endl;

}


#include<iostream.h>void change(int &a, int b=10){ if(b%10==0)

a+=5;for(int i=5; i<=a; i++)

cout<< b++ <<‘:’;cout<<endl; }void Disp(int x){ if(x%3==0)

change(x);else

change(x, 3); }

void main(){

Disp(3);Disp(4);change(2,20);

}

QUESTIONS RELATED TO RANDOM NUMBERS

Q1. Study the following program and select the possible output from it:

#inlude<iostream.h>#include<conio.h>#include<stdlib.h>const int LIMIT = 4;void main( ){

randomize( );int Points;Points = 100 + random(LIMIT);for ( int p = Points; p>=100; p--)cout<<p<<”#”;cout<<endl;

}

1. 103#102#101#100#2. 103#102#101#1003. 101#102#103#104#4. 104#103#102#101#100#


Q2. Observe the following program carefully, choose the possible incorrect output(s) from the options from(i) to (iv), and justify your option:

#include<iostream.h>#include<stdlib.h> const int LOW=100; void main() {

randomize( ); int POINT=10, Number; for(int i=1;i<=4;i++)

{Number=LOW+random(POINT);cout<<Number<<“ " ;POINT--;

} }

(i) 109 101 104 104(ii) 106 107 105 102(iii) 107 106 108 106(iv) 101 104 104 105


Q3. Observe the following program carefully & choose the correct possible output from the options (i) to (iv) justifying your answer:

#include<iostream.h>#include<conio.h>#include<stdlib.h>void main( ){

clrscr( );randomize( );int RN;RN=random(4)+5;for(int i=1; i<=RN; i++)

cout<<i<<' ';getch();

}

i) 0 1 2ii) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8iii) 4 5 6 7 8 9iv) 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12


Q4. Observe the following program carefully & choose the correct possible output from the options (i) to (iv) justifying your answer:

#include<iostream.h>#include<stdlib.h>void main( ){

randomize( );int G,H=5;G=random(H)+30;for(int i=35; i>G; i--)

cout<<i<<’$’;cout<<i;

}

i) 35$34$33$32$31$30$

ii) 35$34$33$32$31

iii) 30$31$32$33$34$35$36

iv) 35$34$33$32$31$30


Q5. In the following program , find the correct possible output(s) from the options:

#include<stdlib.h>#include<iostream.h>void main(){ randomize( );Char Weekdays[][5]={”Sun”,”Mon”,”Tue”,”Wed”,”Thu”,”Fri”,”Sat”};int Num;for(int I=0;I<3;I++){

Num =random(3)+1;cout<<Weekdays[Num]<<” : ”;

}}

Outputs:a)Wed : Thu : Fri :b)Tue : Wed : Tue :c)Sun : Mon : Tue :d)Tue : Wed : Mon :


Q6. If the value of VAL entered by the user is 10, choose the correct possible output(s) from the options from i) to iv) and justify your option.

#include<iostream.h>#include<stdlib.h>void main(){

randomize();int VAL, Rnd; int n=random(2);Rnd=8 + random(sizeof(VAL)) * 1;while(n<Rnd)

{cout<<n<< “\t”;n++;

}}

Output options:

i) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 ii) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 iii) 1 2 3 4 5 iv) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8


Q7. Observe the following program and find out, which option or options out of (i) to (iv) will not be expected output(s) from the program? What will be the minimum and maximum value assigned to the variable Sequence.

#include<iostream.h>#include<stdlib.h>void main( ){

int sequence, select[4] = {25, 90, 30, 45};randomize( );for ( int c= 0; c < 4 ; c++){

sequence = random( 4 - c);cout<< select[sequence] << "@";

}}

Outputs:a)45@90@30@25@b)90@25@90@25@c)30@30@25@25@d)30@30@90@25@

Chapter: 01 C++ Revision Tour. HEADER FILE Name the header file to be included for the use of...

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