Chap1 hardware

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Computer Hardware

• Facilitate the storage and processing of data under the direction of a stored program.

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There are many parts that work together to make a computer

work.

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Types of DevicesDigital versus Analog - Most computers today are digital. Their

circuits have only two possible states, such as “Off” and “On” or “0” and “1”.

- An analog device operates on continuously varying data and has an infinite number of possible states.


Computer Hardware

• CPU

• Memory (RAM)

• Motherboard

• Hard Disk

• System Unit

• Power supply

•Network Card

•Sound Card

•CD/ DVD Rom Drive

•Video Card

•Input Devices

•Output Devices


What is the system unit?

A boxlike case that houses the computer’s main hardware components

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CPU• also called “The Chip”, a CPU, a processor, a

microprocessor or “brain” of the computer.

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What are the components of the CPU?

Control unit

Arithmetic-Logic

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http://www.kids-online.net/learn/click/table.html

Control Unit- Coordinates and controls all parts of the computer system

Manages four basic operations (machine cycle)

Fetch- Gets next program instruction from the computer’s memory

Decode- Figure out what the program is telling the computer to do

Execute- Perform the requested action

Write-back (Store)- Write (store) the results to a register or to memory

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Control unit ALU

Memory

How a CPU worksClick to animate. Click one time only

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Arithmetic-Logic Unit (ALU)

-Perform basic arithmetic or logic operations

-Add, Subtract, Multiply, Divide

-Compare two items to see which one is larger or smaller

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Registers

• Stores the most frequently used instructions and data.

• The instruction pointer

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- A term for a device that enables the computer to retain (store) information.- Holds instructions for processing data, processed data, and raw data.

Memory (RAM)

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WEB

KEYBOARD

CPU

RAM

MONITOR

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HOW DOES RAM WORK?

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Motherboard-Large printed circuit board with thousands of electrical circuits where most of the electronics including the CPU are mounted

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Hard Disk

• Capacity is measured in gigabytes (GB or billions of bytes).

• Typically permanently installed.

• Used to store operating system, application software, utilities and data

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Power supplyIt supplies DC power to the other components in a computer.

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Network Card

• A circuit board that permits a computer to participate in a computer network.

• has a unique number; this is used for addressing. It is called the MAC address.

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Sound Card

• is an internal computer expansion card that facilitates the input and output of audio signals to and from a computer.

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CD/ DVD Rom Drive

• Optical storage device.• Used more often now for backup

storage

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Video Card

• Connects the computer to the monitor. It is a circuit board attached to the motherboard that contains the memory and other circuitry necessary to send information to the monitor for display on screen.

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Input Devices

• Input is all information put into a computer. Input can be supplied from a variety of sources:– A person– A storage device on computer – Another computer– A peripheral device– Another piece of equipment

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Input Devices

• Input devices gather and translate data into a form the computer understands.

• Primary input device:– Keyboard - Most common input device;

used to type in commands and data.– Mouse or trackball enhances user’s

ability to input commands, manipulate text, images.

– Joystick useful in education as an adaptive or assistive input device. NEXT


Input Devices

• Scanners are peripheral input devices which allow users to import:– Text , Graphics and Images

• Digital Cameras are peripheral input devices that allow users to create pictures and/or movies in a digital format.

• Microphone - Allows the user to record sounds as input to their computer.

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Output Devices

Those parts of the computer that provide results of computation to the person using the computer.

• Monitors are the most commonly used output device.

- connected to a computer system via a port integrated on the video adapter or graphics card.

• Printers- An output device that produces a hard copy on paper.

• Speakers - Used to generate or reproduce voice, music, and other sounds.


Chap1 hardware

Technology

Transcript of Chap1 hardware