Changing Economy of the South / Rise of Labor Pages 551-562• Southern Industry• Labor vs. Management• Knights of Labor• Haymarket Riot• American Federation of Labor

Shifting South

• “Coffin nails” – automation changes South from raw material producer to horizontal integrator

• Shift in textile manufacturing• Why?• Blessing or curse?

• Long term impacts

The Changing American

Labor Force

The Changing American

Labor Force

Management vs. Labor

Management vs. Labor

““Tools” of Tools” of ManagementManagement

““Tools” of Tools” of LaborLabor

““scabs”scabs”

P. R. campaignP. R. campaign

PinkertonsPinkertons

lockoutlockout

blacklistingblacklisting

yellow-dog yellow-dog contractscontracts

court injunctionscourt injunctions

open shopopen shop

boycottsboycotts

sympathy sympathy demonstrationdemonstrationss

informational informational picketingpicketing

closed shopsclosed shops

organized organized strikesstrikes

““wildcat” wildcat” strikesstrikes

Knights of LaborKnights of Labor

Terence V. Terence V. PowderlyPowderly

An injury to one is the concern of An injury to one is the concern of all!all!

Goals of the Knights of LaborGoals of the Knights of Labor

Eight-hour workday.Eight-hour workday.

Workers’ cooperatives.Workers’ cooperatives.

Worker-owned factories.Worker-owned factories.

Abolition of child and prison Abolition of child and prison labor.labor.

Increased circulation of Increased circulation of greenbacks.greenbacks.

Equal pay for men and women.Equal pay for men and women.

Safety codes in the workplace.Safety codes in the workplace.

Prohibition of contract foreign Prohibition of contract foreign labor.labor.

Abolition of the National Bank.Abolition of the National Bank.

Haymarket Riot (1886)

Haymarket Riot (1886)

McCormick Harvesting Machine Co.McCormick Harvesting Machine Co.

Haymarket MartyrsHaymarket Martyrs

Governor John Peter AltgeldGovernor John Peter Altgeld

The American Federation

of Labor: 1886

The American Federation

of Labor: 1886

Samuel GompersSamuel Gompers

How the AF of L Would Help the

Workers

How the AF of L Would Help the

Workers Catered to the skilled worker.Catered to the skilled worker.

Represented workers in matters of Represented workers in matters of national legislation.national legislation.

Maintained a national strike fund.Maintained a national strike fund.

Evangelized the cause of unionism.Evangelized the cause of unionism.

Prevented disputes among the Prevented disputes among the many craft unions.many craft unions.

Mediated disputes between Mediated disputes between management and labor.management and labor.

Pushed for Pushed for closed shopsclosed shops..

Why the Unions didn’t get Equality

Why the Unions didn’t get Equality

Union members viewed as Union members viewed as anarchistsanarchists

Easy and available replacements Easy and available replacements for unskilled laborfor unskilled labor

Emergence of craft specific unions Emergence of craft specific unions weakened national groupsweakened national groups

Small ‘real’ numbers of members Small ‘real’ numbers of members (less than 5% of workforce in 1900)(less than 5% of workforce in 1900)

Congressional issues – impact of Congressional issues – impact of influence?influence?

Closing the Western FrontierPages 598-608• “Indian ‘Wars”• “Buffalo Wars”• Reservations and assimilation• Growth of mining

Treaty of Ft. Laramie Treaty of Ft. Laramie (1851)(1851)

ColoradoColoradoGold Rush Gold Rush

(1859)(1859)

Colonel John ChivingtonColonel John ChivingtonColonel John ChivingtonColonel John Chivington

Kill and scalp all, big Kill and scalp all, big and little!and little!

Sandy Creek, CO Sandy Creek, CO MassacreMassacre

November 29, 1864November 29, 1864

Capt. William J. FettermanCapt. William J. FettermanCapt. William J. FettermanCapt. William J. Fetterman

80 soldiers massacred80 soldiers massacredDecember 21, 1866December 21, 1866

Treaty of Medicine Treaty of Medicine Lodge Creek (1867)Lodge Creek (1867)

22ndnd Treaty of Treaty of Ft. Laramie (1868)Ft. Laramie (1868)

The Battle of Little Big The Battle of Little Big HornHorn18761876

The Battle of Little Big The Battle of Little Big HornHorn18761876

Chief Joseph Chief Joseph I will fight I will fight no no more more forever!forever!

Chief Joseph Chief Joseph I will fight I will fight no no more more forever!forever!

Nez Percé Nez Percé tribal tribal

retreat (1877)retreat (1877)

Arapahoe “Ghost Dance”, Arapahoe “Ghost Dance”, 18901890

Arapahoe “Ghost Dance”, Arapahoe “Ghost Dance”, 18901890

Destruction of the Buffalo Destruction of the Buffalo HerdsHerds

Destruction of the Buffalo Destruction of the Buffalo HerdsHerds

The near extinction of the buffalo.The near extinction of the buffalo.

Helen Hunt JacksonHelen Hunt JacksonHelen Hunt JacksonHelen Hunt Jackson

A Century of DishonorA Century of Dishonor (1881) (1881)A Century of DishonorA Century of Dishonor (1881) (1881)

Dawes Severalty Act Dawes Severalty Act (1887):(1887):

Assimilation PolicyAssimilation Policy

Dawes Severalty Act Dawes Severalty Act (1887):(1887):

Assimilation PolicyAssimilation Policy

Carlisle Indian School, PACarlisle Indian School, PA

ProspectingProspectingProspectingProspecting

Mining Centers: Mining Centers: 19001900

Mining Centers: Mining Centers: 19001900