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Transcript of Changes
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Changes
How Organic Molecules Facilitate Chemical Reactions
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Mechanical change
• Changing the appearance of something without disturbing the chemical bonds– Crush– Dissolve– Vaporize– Dehydrate (ex dehydration
synthesis)
• Relatively easily reversible
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Chemical Change
• Rearranges the bonds within molecules to form new substances– Wood burning– Decay– Rusting
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Chemical Change and Energy
• Energy is put in or released when the new bonds are formed
• Activation energy – what is needed to start the reaction
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Rate of Reaction
• Influenced by– Reagent availability
(raw materials)– Temperature– pH
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Catalysts
• Speed up the rate of reactions– Platinum within catalytic converter in car– Silver with Hydrogen Peroxide– Hand warmer thingy
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Enzymes
• Catalysts that are large organic molecules (proteins) that change the rate of reaction
• Specific to the reaction
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Enzymes
• Organic catalysts that change the rate of reactions
• Act upon substrate• Specific to the reaction• “Climate” of maximum
effiency• Active site is a portion of the
whole enzyme
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Denatured
• Protein structure can be changed by– Heat– pH
• Wont work anymore
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Lock and Key model
• Enzymes either join molecules together or break them apart
• Specific to reaction
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Enzymes Are Proteins!
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Protein Shape Determines Functionality
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20 Different Amino Acids
• Variations depending on R-Group or side chain
• “Letters” in the alphabet
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Protein Folding
• Primary Structure – Amino Acid Sequence
• Determined by your DNA
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Protein Folding
• Secondary Structure – amino acids fold into sheets and helix shapes
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Protein Folding
• Tertiary Shape – Protein compacts and twists on itself
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Protein Folding
• Quarternary Structure – Several proteins combine together
• Final useful protein
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Most of Your Body is Protein!
• Muscle• Skin• Hair• Fingernails• Enzymes