Change Analysis Charts - 6 Periods...

Change Analysis Chart (8,000 BCE-600 BCE) Score / 20 Name _____________________________ Technological & Environmental Transformations Hour ____ May 6, 2010Theme

Characteristics at Beginning of period

Key Continuities Key Changes

Characteristics at End of period

Reasons for Change or Continuities

1. Human-

Environ Interaction (Demography, disease, migration technology)

• small groups of nomads (20-30/tribe)

• world pop -5 million

• hunter-gatherers

• stone tools, fire

• humans settled on all continents

• little/no medicine

• unreliable food supply

• dependence on environ for survival (water, food, energy)

• world pop -100 mill

• more reliable food supply

• agricultural diversity

• writing systems

• early, medicine

• Neolithic/Ag Rev

• cultural/tech diffusion o spread of disease, tech

• Ag Rev o agric

• River Valley Civs founded (3000BCE

)

• Neolithic/Ag Rev • irrigation

• pottery, plows, textiles, metallurgy, wheels & vehicles

diversity

• tech innovations o improved agric, trade, transportation

• domesticated animals

2. Culture

(Religions, philosophies, Science, technology, art, architecture)

• animistic religion

• no agriculture

• cave paintings

• no human architecture

• relig tied to environ and/or political elites

• human desire for creativity, expression

• writing, record keeping, literature

• Religions: Vedic/ Hinduism, Judaism, Zoroastrianism

• increase in pop o surplus of goods o need to account

• invention of writing, record keeping, literature

• human desire/need for meaning for “big questions” o religion

3. Politics (State-

building, conflict, Political structures, Empires, Revolts and revolution

• no organized political units, cities, or states

• largest community of humans were H-G bands, 30-50 people

• unequal treatment favored elites

• rulers/elites often claimed divinity or divine support

• Empires & Civs: Sumeria, Akkadia, Egypt, Nubia, Olmec, Shang, Zhou, Bantus, Greece, Maurya

• increase in pop o need to organize, control, & coordinate populations

• codification of laws (Hammurabi, Manu)Inspired by Ellen Bell & Linda Black, compiled by Bill Strickland [email protected]

2 Technological & Environmental Transformations (8,000 BCE-600 BCE) May 6, 2010Theme




Reasons for Changes/Continuities

4. Economics

(Agric, trade, commerce, labors systems, industrialization, capitalism, socialism)

• hunting-gathering

• small scale/short distance trade for goods unavailable locally

• men (likely) hunted, women gathered

• pastoralism

• trade for unavailable goods, no one civ/ had all desired goods.

• trade = regional/inter- regional

• specialized labor in urban areas

• slaves do least desirable work

• desire for more food, goods, “better life”

• spec of labor o more efficient production

• specialization of labor

• cultural & tech diffusion

• cooperative agriculture (irrigation)

(pastoralists)

• development of slavery

5. Social (Gender roles/relations, family, racial & ethnic constructions, social and economic classes

• (likely) gender-based division of type, but not value of labor

• patriarchy (since beg of Agric. Rev.) • social hierarchies,

political & relig elites

• patriarchy in politics & relig

• Agric Rev o social hierarchies, specialization of labor

• development of social hierarchies (elites, Brahmin, rulers, etc.)Inspired by Ellen Bell & Linda Black, compiled by Bill Strickland [email protected]

Change Analysis Chart (600 BCE-600 CE) Score / 20 Name _____________________________ Organization & Reorganization of Human Societies Hour ____ May 6, 2010Theme




Reasons for Change/Continuities

1. Human-



• reliable food supply

• agricultural diversity

• writing systems

• early, medicine

• dependence on geog for raw materials

• demand for raw materials & luxury goods


• environmental damage, deforestation, desertification, erosion)

• cities/capitals served as centers of relig, trade, & political activity

• imperial gov’ts o environ damage (Han, Rome, Maurya, Gupta)

• better medicine, architecture, metallurgy

• road/transportation systems & routes

• new technologies(stirrup, saddle, yokes)

• domest pack animals(camels, horses, oxen)

• longer migration & trade routes

2. Culture


• writing, record keeping, literature

• Religions: Vedic/ Hinduism, Judaism, Zoroastrianism

• shamanism / animism

• ancestor veneration

• cities served as cultural centers, relig, politics

• each empire had its own religion(s) (e.g. Buddhism, Christianity, Confucianism, Hinduism, Judaism)

• Cities provide the “critical mass” req’d

• Relig: Axial Age theory

• Hebrew scriptures, Diaspora

• Vedic relig / Hinduisms o scriptures

• New religions/faiths

• lit & arch developed cultural styles

• relig & geog influenced arts & literature

• political & relig rule(rs) often merged

3. Politics (State-


• Empires & Civs: Olmec, Egypt, Zhou, Greece, Bantus, Maurya

• rulers often claimed divinity / support

• military threats from “outsiders”

• Empires: Large, Regional in Size (Byzantium, Gupta, Han, Maya, Nazca, Persia, Rome, Toltec)

• established administrative bureaucracies

• empires grew beyond their ability to administer

• tech of the day limited

• # & size of states grew dramatically

• administrative techniques (bureaucracies,

imperial administration, communication, control

legal systems, diplomacy)Inspired by Ellen Bell & Linda Black, compiled by Bill Strickland [email protected]

4 Organization & Reorganization of Human Societies (600 BCE-600 CE) May 6, 2010Theme





4. Economics





• demand for raw materials & luxury goods • wide range of work,

corvée, slavery, rents, tributes, family-based

• trade networks made diffusion quicker, easier, cheaper

• Agriculture still the predominant occupation

• most people had little access to distant/luxury

• trans-regional trade networks (Silk Roads, goods Trans-Sahara, Indian Ocean, Mediterran- ean, American)


• social hierarchies, political & relig elites

• patriarchy in politics & religion

• patriarchy shaped gender & family relations in all empires

• social structures incl farmers, unskilled laborers, slaves, artisans, merchants, elites & caste groups, soldiers

• difficulties of admin- istering large empires o social tensions

• inequality among social classes o envy,

• social tensions created by inequality of

hostility wealth, military defeats, economic declineInspired by Ellen Bell & Linda Black, compiled by Bill Strickland [email protected]

Change Analysis Chart (600-1450 CE) Name _____________________________ Regional and Transregional Interactions Score / 20 Hour ____ May 6, 2010Theme





1. Human-



• environmental damage, deforestation, desertification, erosion)

• cities/capitals served as centers of relig, trade, & political activity

• diseases/pathogens still spread easily, though amount/degree of spread increased dramatically

(e.g. Bubonic Plague)


• spread of languages, cultures, religions

• hemispheric exposure to diseases (Afro-Eurasia)

• migrations & trade o diffusion of languages, religions, cultures, technologies

• new migrations(Vikings, Berbers, Polynesians, Bantus)

• inter-regional travelers(Marco Polo, Ibn Battuta)

2. Culture


• cities served as cultural centers, relig, politics

• each empire had its own religion(s) (e.g. Buddhism, Christianity, Confucianism, Hinduism, Judaism)

• Islam, 622CE

• Confucianism & Buddhism in E. Asia • dar al Islam

• greater contact among cultures(Crusades, Silk Roads, dar al Islam)

• Merchants & mission- aries traveling into new areas o cult diff (Sufi Muslims o India, Confucianism o SE Asia,

• new constructions(Grand Canal)

& o Silk Roads, Christians o Kievan Rus)

• Muslim tech (medicine, hospitals, algebra)

• Islam’s spread: Iberia3ArabiaoSE Asia

• Confucianism spreadoJapan & SE Asia

3. Politics (State-


• Empires: Large, Regional in Size(Maya, Byzantium, Umayyad, Gupta, Tang)

• established administrative bureaucracies

• traditional symbols & methods of power & legitimacy (temples, patriarchy)

• political diffusion (political ideas from one empire to another)

• privilege of elites over lower classes• Regional and Trans- Regional Empires (Mongols, Delhi, Ottomans, Ming, Aztec)

• traditional & new administrative techniques

• larger empires o cult diffusion

• admin methods o larger empires

• new methods of managing empires: city- states(E Africa)

, sultanate(Ottoman, Delhi)

• caliphate & caesaropapism combined political & religious authorityInspired by Ellen Bell & Linda Black, compiled by Bill Strickland [email protected]

6 Regional and Transregional Interactions (600-1450 CE) May 6, 2010Theme





4. Economics





• luxury goods still common in trade routes • regional trading zones:

• Indian Ocean

• Silk Roads

• trans-Saharan

• Mediterranean

• E Asia (Zheng He)

• E Atlantic coast

• Americas

• larger trans-regional empires o easier long- distance trade

• new/improved technolo-

• Silk Roads reinvigorated after Han/ Rome,

giesoincreased trade reach height during Mongols

• cities specifically focused as trading centers:(Timbuktu, Calicut, Melaka, Venice,

Tenochtitlan)

drove politics

• longer dist inter-regional trade aided by new technologies(compass, astrolabe, checks, credit, banks, paper money)

• Trade Guilds(Hanseatic League)


• social hierarchies, political & relig elites

• patriarchy in politics & religion

• social hierarchy mostly patriarchal, class/caste-based.

• clear social hierarchies w/in empires

• variation among empires

• patriarchy still most common

• size of empires required toleration of multiple ethnicities

• biological basis/

• some cultures gave women greater autonomy(Mongols, W Africa, Japan, SE Asia)

rationalization (?) of patriarchy

• large empires incorporated dozens of ethnic groupsInspired by Ellen Bell & Linda Black, compiled by Bill Strickland [email protected]

Change Analysis Chart (1450-1750 CE) Name _____________________________ Global Interactions Score / 20 Hour ____ May 6, 2010Theme





1. Human-



• hemispheric cultural diffusion

• hemispheric exposure to diseases (Afro-Eurasia)

• Regional/Hemispheric migrations

• E African slave trade(small compared to Atlantic)


• mixed ethnic/racial groups(Mestizos, Zambos, Metís)

• Columbian Exchange o nutrition, life exp, pop growth

• econ opportunity o trans-hemispheric & global migrations (Columbian Exch)

trans-Atlantic migrations(not all voluntarily)

• people(voluntary & involuntary)

• gender imbalance o

• animals, crops, diseases(horses, pigs,

inter-marriage wheat, maize, smallpox, measles, STDs)

• better nutrition for Afro-Eurasia

• “cash crops”(tobacco, sugar)

• trans-Atlantic slave trade

• mixed-race populations & ideologies

• American pop(plummeted, then rebounded)

2. Culture


• dar al Islam

• greater contact among cultures(Crusades, Silk Roads, dar al Islam)

• cultural forms of art flourished(Ming porcelain, European Renaissance)

• religions spread(Buddhism o Asia, Islam o Asia/Africa)

• global “network” of cultural influences begins(v. small compared to today)

• increased diversity w/in & among religions

• increased global interaction o syncretic religions, artistic cross- influences, gov’t

• secular science vs. religion(European

attempts to limit Enlightenment)(Tokugawa)

• cross-cultural artistic influence

• Prot RefoChristianity

• syncretic religions(Vodun, Sikhism)

3. Politics (State-

building, conflict, Political structures, Empires, Revolts and revolution• Regional and Trans- Regional Empires (Mongols, Delhi, Ottomans, Ming, Aztec)

• traditional & new administrative techniques

• land-based empires(Ottoman, Ming/Qing, Sultanate of Delhi, Mughal, Russia)

• increased complexity & competition

• minorities used for econ profit(pol rights)

• global economy o increased competition

• global size o gov’t complexity(Samurai, Ming

• sea based empires(Portugal, Spain, Nether-

scholar-bureaucrats, Ottoman devshirme) lands, Gr. Brit)

• European hegemony o Americas(Asia)

Inspired by Ellen Bell & Linda Black, compiled by Bill Strickland [email protected]

8 Global Interactions (1450-1750 CE) May 6, 2010Theme





4. Economics


• regional trading zones:• Indian Ocean

• Silk Roads

• trans-Saharan

• Mediterranean

• E Asia (Ming, Zheng He)

• E Atlantic coast

• Americas

• profitable required for financing global empires/trade

• stage set for Industrial Revolution

• demand for labor skyrocketed

• Indentured servitude

• Columbian Exch o profits from labor o labor demand,

• global trade patterns emerged/evolved

• joint-stock co’s developed global trade (EEIC, VOC)

• mercantilism, triangle trade

• trans-Atlantic slave trade

• proto-industrialism

(sugar plantations’ engenhos) 5. Social (Gender roles/relations, family, racial & ethnic constructions, social and economic classes

• clear social hierarchies w/in empires

• variation among empires

• patriarchy still most common

• patriarchy • new members &

definitions of “elites” in many societies

• Global trade o massive economic transfers within & among cultures

• Europeans dominated American social classes(though variation among Span vs. Port vs. Eng. vs. Fr)


Change Analysis Chart (1750-1900 CE) Name _____________________________ Industrialization and Global Integration Score / 20 Hour ____ May 6, 2010Theme





1. Human-


• world pop -800 mill • • world pop -1,650 mill •

•

2. Culture


• • • •

•

3. Politics (State-


• • • •

•Inspired by Ellen Bell & Linda Black, compiled by Bill Strickland [email protected]

10 Industrialization and Global Integration (1750-1900 CE) May 6, 2010Theme





4. Economics


• • • •

•


• • • •

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Change Analysis Charts - 6 Periods...

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