Classification Notes Outline.

1. How do scientists classify and identify organisms?

2. What are the reasons scientists do this?

3. Biological Species Concept: A _______________ ___________________ that interbreeds reproductively isolated

from other _______________.

4. Taxonomy: the science of _______________ and _____________________ organisms. 5. We use the “Linnaean” classification system, named after Carolus Linnaeus. .6. Species are grouped into successive level of hierarchy.

Taxa Example (dog)

a. D = (most inclusive)

b. K =

c. P =

d. C =

e. O =

f. F =

g. G =

h. S = (most specific)

7. The Linnaean System gives each species a unique, two-part ____________________ _____________

8. This is called _____________________ ________________________ .

9. Ideally, classification should be based upon _________________, that is _____________ characteristics that

have been inherited from a _____________ ________________.10. The Logic: The more recently two species have shared a common ancestor two things are assumed

a. The more __________________ they share

b. The more __________________ these ____________________ are.

11. What was once solely based on morphological similarities, now scientists see similarities on the molecular levels

using ___________ & ____________________.

12. Systematics is the scientific discipline of naming organisms. 13. Phylogeny is the:

14. Cladistics unites ______________ with ____________.

15. A phylogenic tree (or evolutionary tree) is a branching diagram that shows the ________________ relationships

among biological _____________ based upon:

16. The taxa joined together in the tree imply that they have descended from a __________________ ___________.

17. A cladogram is a diagram, used in _________________ which shows relationships among organisms.

18. The logic of establishing phylogeny in cladograms is based upon interpreting the evidence that establishes the relationships.

a. Morphological =

b. Molecular =

c. Molecular Clock =