Challenges of JaLTER toward interdisciplinary study on ... · Challenges of JaLTER toward...
Transcript of Challenges of JaLTER toward interdisciplinary study on ... · Challenges of JaLTER toward...
Challenges of Challenges of JaLTERJaLTER toward interdisciplinary toward interdisciplinary study on ecosystem adaptation study on ecosystem adaptation
under global changesunder global changes
Hideaki Shibata Hideaki Shibata (Hokkaido University)(Hokkaido University)
TohruTohru NakashizukaNakashizuka (Tohoku University)(Tohoku University)
Contents
• Need of interdisciplinary ecosystem study• What’s JaLTER?• Challenge of JaLTER
– Long-term study of ecosystem process– Cross-site analysis– Data archiving and sharing
Human system needs strategy for adaptation and mitigation under predicted global change.
(IPCC AR4)
(GEO Information Sheet 2008)
Importance of Ecosystem in GEOSS
Ecosystem and biodiversity under global change
(Chapin et al. 2000: Nature 405: 234-242)
(IPCC AR4)
Litter fall
Decomposition & storage
Leaching
RespirationPhotosynthesis & respiration
Production
--- Inter-related processes of carbon cycle in terrestrial ecosystem ---Ecosystem function under the global climate change
Carbon uptake by terrestrial ecosystem(FLUXNET: Baldocchi et al. 2001)
Temperature effect
Growing period
Control of temperature and nitrogen on C uptake
(Magnani et al. 2007, Nature 447: 848-850)
Future increase of nitrogen pollution
(Galloway et al; MA Synthesis 2005)
Change of litter decomposition associated with nitrogen nutrition would control nutrient supply for plant and carbon storage in soil. Progressive nitrogen limitation under climate change
(Johnson et al. 2006, Ecology 87: 64-75)
(Reich et al. 2001, Nature 410: 809-812)
Biodiversity also affect ecosystem productivity affected by elevated CO2 and nitrogen.
(IPCC AR4-WGII report Chapter 4)
From carbon fertilization to saturation and loss
IPCC Fourth Assessment ReportWorking Group II Report "Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability"
Lake and estuary
Grass land
Forest
Associate-siteCore-site
JaLTER site network (April 2008)
Japan Long-Term Ecological Research Network (JaLTER)
Established in 2006
Membership of ILTER in 2007
Various ecosystems and institutes
Different environmental conditions
Long-term and Large-scale study
Cross-site analysis
Data archive and sharing
Education program
100
150
200
250
300
1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
Year
Maximum snowpack (cm)
0123456789
4 10 4 10 4 10 4 10 4 10 4 10 4 10
month
deposition flux (mmol/m2)
SO4 NO3
2001 2007
Challenge of JaLTER; Long-term monitoring of environment and ecosystem
JaLTER core site; North Hokkaido
Snowpack
Atmospheric deposition
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008Year
Vol
ume
(m3 h
a-1)
Conifer Broadleaved
Tree volume0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008Year
Vol
ume
(m3 h
a-1)
Conifer Broadleaved
Tree volumeNatural mixed forest
Challenge of JaLTER: Large-scale infrastructures
Carbon exchange between ecosystem and atmosphere
Internal dynamics of carbon in ecosystem
Carbon leaching to stream
Biomass, litterfall, respiration, decomposition, storage
-- carbon cycling in watershed ecosystem --Challenge of JaLTER: Integrated study of ecosystem processes
Carbon cycling and budget in forest ecosystem (gC m-2 y-1)
Litter fall
Translocation
SOC
Leaching
Soil respiration
Mortality
Gross Ecosystem Exchange
838580
118
4
Δ=92
549
Δ=16Δ=146
79
Litter fall
Translocation
SOC
Leaching
Soil respiration
Mortality
Gross Ecosystem Exchange
838580
118
4
Δ=92
549
Δ=16Δ=146
79
Challenge of JaLTER: Integrated study of ecosystem processesIGBP/MEXT・GCTE project (JaLTER core-site; Tomakomai)
(Shibata et al. 2005)
-2
0
2
4
6
8
NE
P (
gCm
-2da
y-1 )
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002~
Gross Primary ProductionNet Primary ProductionEcosystem RespirationSoil RespirationNet Ecosystem ProductionAbove-ground Respiration
JaLTER core-site; Takayama (provided by Dr. Muraoka (Gifu Univ.))
Challenge of JaLTER: Long-term study of ecosystem processes
Process modelFlux measurementEcosystem process
Remote sensing
Challenge of JaLTER: Interdisciplinary approach
JaLTER core-site; Takayama (provided by Dr. Muraoka (Gifu Univ.))
Challenge of JaLTER: Application of experimental manipulation
Soil warming experiment
Nitrogen addition
Clear-cut experiment
Biodiversity & Ecosystem
Tree growth
Litter-fall
Seed production
Forest-floor insects
Bird community
--- Monitoring sites 1000 ---
Challenge of JaLTER: Interdisciplinary cross-site study
Ministry of Environment, Japan
Forest and estuary sites are strongly over-lapped by JaLTER-site.
Mr. Sakamoto will explain details in the afternoon session.
Some JapanFlux sites are registered as JaLTER site.
Collaboration with JapanFlux
Challenge of JaLTER: Interdisciplinary cross-site study II
Challenge of JaLTER: Data archiving and sharing – EML database
Education program for next generation
Conclusive remark• Linkage between GEOSS and on-site
ecosystem research network with interdisciplinary approach would be quite important for ecosystem management toward the adaptation under global changes.
• Understandings of the interrelationship between carbon, water, nutrition and biodiversity in ecosystem with different environmental conditions and different spatial and temporal scale would be one of the key research themes for GEOSS-Ecosystem and Biodiversity.
Kick-off meeting of JaLTER in Tomakomai Experimental Forest (November 2006)
We thank JaLTER and ILTER colleagues.