Challenges in Cataract Surgery Co-Management...18.1% from ‘08 Actualnumber of ophthalmologists has...
Transcript of Challenges in Cataract Surgery Co-Management...18.1% from ‘08 Actualnumber of ophthalmologists has...
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Challenges in Cataract Surgery Co-Management
Charlie Ficco, O.D.Milan Eye Center
Cumming, GA
Disclosures Speaker / Consultant: Allergan Pharmaceuticals
Speaker: Bausch & Lomb Pharmaceuticals
Speaker: Shire Pharmaceuticals
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Today
Technological Advances in IOL’s
Co-Management by Optometry
Intra-Operative Challenges
Opportunities
78 Million Americans (babyboomers) Started Enrolling in Medicare Beginning in 2011
Technology Adopters
Care is Provided in Our Practices
Our Role is to Educate and Guide
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Growing Demographics
1.8M cataract surgeries performed yearly
>60 y.o. growing 3.4% per year
By 2020: 15% of 60-64 y.o. will need cataract sx
By 2020: 75% >80 y.o. will need cataract sx
By 2020: 30.1M Americans will have cataracts
Growing Demographics
1.8M cataract surgeries performed yearly
>60 y.o. growing 3.4% per year
By 2020: 15% of 60-64 y.o. will need cataract sx
By 2020: 75% >80 y.o. will need cataract sx
By 2020: 30.1M Americans will have cataracts
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Ophthalmology Projections
Next to geriatrics, highest percentage of patients in Medicare age group
Largest provider shortage of any surgical subspecialty by 2020
Need for ophthalmologists has increased by 18.1% from ‘08
Actual number of ophthalmologists has grown by only 0.67%.
Number of Ophthalmologists by Year
Number of Ophthalmologists 2008 2015
Beginning 15,000 15,101
Completing Residency 420 482
Retirements (avg. age 69.4) 320 425
Ending 15,100 15,158
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Aging Population*
Average annual increase in 60 year old or older population is 3.4%
* Marketscope, The Global IOL Market, June 2014
Yea
r
Growth Projection for 60+ Population
Why Become Involved?
1.8 to 2.7 Million Cataract Surgeries Year
HCFA Allowing Surgeons to Bill for Non-Covered Services
Progressive vs Bifocal
Increased Fees Possible for Co-Management of Non-Covered Procedures
Intellectual Integrity
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Safe Harbors and Optometry
OIG 1999 Ruling
Declined to grant Safe Harbor
Global Fee – Essentially Fee Splitting
OIG Evaluate on Case by Case Basis
Spawned Joint Position Paper
Joint Position Paper
2000
American Academy of Ophthalmology
American Society of Cataract & Refractive Surgeons
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Joint Position Paper
Co-Management is Illegal and Unethical in Most Cases
May Not be Routine
May Not be Coerced or Induced
What’s It All About
Cataract/Refractive Surgery Boom
Increasing Amount of Premium IOL Surgery
Increasing Amount of Co-Management
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Office of Inspector General Guidelines
Patient’s Choice – Informed Consent
Medically Appropriate
Case by Case Determination
Documentation of Transfer
Agreement to Return if Necessary
Proper Billing 66984-55 + number of days p.o. care was given
Informed Consent
Names and Locations of Providers
Training of Providers
Regulatory Agencies
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Informed Consent
Define Post-Op Period
Financial Arrangements
Agreement to Return if Problems
Signatures of Providers and Patient
Transfer of Care
Written Transfer of Care
Takes Place on Date of First Visit
Not Date of Last Visit
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Transfer of Care
Co-Management
Written Follow-Up Reports
Complete Files in Both Locations
Keeping Co-Management Legal
Case by Case Basis
Patient Safety
Medically Appropriate
Document Thoroughly
Bill Appropriately
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Making it Work
Communicate With Patient
Create Value
Communicate With Surgeon
All About the Patient
Future Co-Management Potential
Co-Management Opportunities
Can Optometrist Receive Payment for Increase in Lens Fee?
Can Non-Covered Services Be Co-Managed?
Advance Beneficiary Notice
How is Fee Determined?
https://oig.hhs.gov/fraud/docs/advisoryopinions/2011/AdvOpn11-14.pdfhttp://www.cms.gov/Outreach-and-Education/Medicare-Learning-NetworkMLN/MLNProducts/downloads/abn_booklet_icn00626oig.hhs.gov/6.pdf
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Co-Management Opportunities
Can Optometrist Receive Payment for Increase in Lens Fee? YES
Can Non-Covered Services Be Co-Managed?
Advance Beneficiary Notice
How is Fee Determined?
https://oig.hhs.gov/fraud/docs/advisoryopinions/2011/AdvOpn11-14.pdfhttp://www.cms.gov/Outreach-and-Education/Medicare-Learning-NetworkMLN/MLNProducts/downloads/abn_booklet_icn00626oig.hhs.gov/6.pdf
Co-Management Opportunities
Can Optometrist Receive Payment for Increase in Lens Fee? YES
Can Non-Covered Services Be Co-Managed? NO
Advance Beneficiary Notice
How is Fee Determined?
https://oig.hhs.gov/fraud/docs/advisoryopinions/2011/AdvOpn11-14.pdfhttp://www.cms.gov/Outreach-and-Education/Medicare-Learning-NetworkMLN/MLNProducts/downloads/abn_booklet_icn00626oig.hhs.gov/6.pdf
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Non-Covered Services Refraction
Contact Lens Trial
Wave-front Testing
Topography
Pachymetry
Keratoplasty for Enhancement
IOL Exchange
Non-Covered Services Payment
Payment for non-covered services must be in 3 separate checks
ASC SurgeonOptometrist
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Non-Covered Services Payment
Notice of Exclusion from Medicare Benefit (NEMB)
Both Surgeon and Optometrist Should Obtain
http://www.corcoranccg.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/NEMB-010108.pdf
Non-Covered Services Payment
Determine What You Will Provide
Avoid Direct Payment From Surgeon
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Non-Covered Services Payment
Toric Packages LRI Toric IOL LVC
IOL Technology
Wave-front
Accommodating
Multi-Focal
Toric
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Refractive Cataract Surgery
Technological Generation
Expectation is Plano Sphere
Distance and Near Desired
What is 20/20? All of the following represent 20/20
vision (Spherical Aberration)
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Young Lens
Aging Lens
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Spherical IOL’s
Tecnis IOL
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Available Aspheric IOL’s
AMO Tecnis
Alcon AcrySof
B & L Aspheric
SofTec HD Aspheric
Toric IOLs
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Prevalence of Astigmatism
CORNEAL CYLINDER (D)
Correction of Astigmatism During Cataract Surgery
Toric IOL
Limbal Relaxing Incisions - LRI
LVC
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STAAR Toric IOL
AcrySof® Toric
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TECNIS Toric
Multifocal/Accommodating Torics
B & L Trulign Toric
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Role of Optometry Post-Op
Visual Acuity
Refraction (1 week) Looking for Residual Cylinder and Axis
Dilation – Verification of Axis Location Obliquely Crossed Cylinder
IOL within 15º of intended meridian?
YES No action necessary
NO Consider reposition if the patient is symptomatic.
Toric Rotation
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Targeting Zero Residual Cylinder
Toric IOL is tolerant of axis deviations
10° results in cylinder reduction of 2/3
20° results in cylinder reduction of 1/3 Partial reduction with up to 30°misalignment
Toric IOL Rotation
37% < 5 deg. 73% < 5 deg. 94% < 5 deg.
STAAR ACRYSOF IQ TECNIS
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Capsule Immediate Post-Op
On Axis
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Accommodating IOL
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Crystalens
FDA device description. “The
crystalens is a modified plate
haptic lens with hinges across the
plates adjacent to the optic.”
Crystalens HD
Crystalens Trulign
How is Accommodation Achieved?
1. Ciliary muscle contraction
2. Ciliary body shifts forward
3. Pressure change in vitreous
4. Displaces posterior capsule
5. Crystalens moves forward
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IOL Power and Accommodation
Axial Length (mm)
22 23 24 25 26 27
IOL Power (D) 27 24 20 17 14 11
Accommodation per 1.0 mm forward IOL movement (D)
1.9 1.6 1.3 1.1 0.9 0.8
Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery. Vol. 29, #11 p. 2069-2072
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IOL Power and Accommodation
Axial Length (mm)
22 23 24 25 26 27
IOL Power (D) 27 24 20 17 14 11
Accommodation per 1.0 mm forward IOL movement (D)
1.9 1.6 1.3 1.1 0.9 0.8
Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery. Vol. 29, #11 p. 2069-2072
Z-Syndrome / CCS
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Synchrony IOL
and Preloaded Injector
Multi-Focal IOL’sAlcon Acrysof IQ ReSTOR
AMO TECNIS Multi-focal
AMO TECNIS Symfony Multi-focal
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TECNIS® Multifocal Acrylic IOL
61
Posterior side
Anterior sideHaptics offset for 3 points of fixation
13.0 mm overall diameter
Posterior diffractive surface
6.0 mm optic diameter
Frosted, continuous 360°posterior square edge
TECNIS®
IOL wavefront-designed aspheric surface
TECNIS® Multifocal 1-Piece IOL Specifications
Full diffractive posterior surface Pupil-independent
Wavefront-designed aspheric anterior surface
Light distribution 50/50 +5.0 D to +34.0 D in 0.5 D
incrementsOptical power add +4.0 D To optimize acuity at preferred
reading distance of 33 cm
Model number: ZMB00
62
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TECNIS® Multifocal Design Benefits
Ease of implantation The next-generation
design Bag-friendly coplanar
deliveryReduced center thickness
for a slim lens profile additionally facilitates implantation
Polished haptic loops reduce friction and enable controlled, gentle unfolding of the lens in the capsular bag
63
AcrySof® ReSTOR®
Aspheric IOL Design
The AcrySof® ReSTOR® Aspheric IOL model SN6AD3 is designed with negative spherical aberration.
+2.5D and +3.0D
Source: SN6AD3 Package Insert RES717
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Apodized Diffractive Optic
Apodized diffractive structure blends into peripheral refractive region Gradually emphasizes
energy going to distance vision with larger pupil sizes
Night-time visual disturbances minimized by directing more light to distance when pupils are larger
3.6 mm
1.5 mm
1.3 micronstep
TECNIS Symfony
Extended depth of focus
Diminished chromatic abberations
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Patient SelectionPre-operative Considerations
Patients’visual demands
Occupational needs
Realistic expectations
Avoid in hypercritical patients
Prior to Premium IOL
Perform Evaluation for Dry Eye Disease
Treat Dry Eye & Blepharitis in Advance
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Role Of Ocular Surface Disease and Premium IOLs
Disruption of Light Prior to Diffraction of Light in Multi-focal IOL
Lissamine Green Conj. Staining
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Punctate Epithelial Defects
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Blepharitis
Co-management is in the Patient’s Best Interest
OD’s who have seen the patient for years have a greater insight into their particular interests, hobbies and visual demands
Co-management should extend beyond cataract and refractive surgery i.e. ophthalmology
Endocrinology, Rheumatology, Neurology
Pain and headache centers
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Patient Selection: The Ideal Candidate’sPhysical Attributes
Candidate for bilateral implantation
Good ocular health
Potential for good visual acuity in each eye Good binocularity
Corneal astigmatism? Plan for treatment if over 0.75 D
Assessing Ocular Health
Dry Eye or KCS
Blepharitis
Fuchs’ Dystrophy
EBMD, Salzmann's, or any other irregular cornea disorder
Previous Hx of HSV
Ectatic Disorders
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Patient LM ORB OS
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Anterior Membrane Dystrophy
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Corneal Guttata
Corneal GuttataDiscrete Guttata Moderate Guttata
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Consistent Topography: Tear Stability
Posterior Blepharitis
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Patient SelectionThe Ideal CandidatePsychological Attributes
Not Type A-
Realistic expectations
Psychologically stable
Assessing Ocular Health
Previous ocular trauma
Chronic uveitis
Glaucoma or AMD
Diabetic retinopathy
Key Systemic diseases with ocular manifestations: e.g. Rheumatoid arthritis
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Cataract Surgery Post-Operative Management
Medications 4th Generation Antibiotic x 9dMoshifar Study, EVS
Steroid for at least 4 weeks NSAID for at least 4 weeks Tears (NO GENERICS!!)
Moshirfar, M., Feiz, V., et. al. Endophthalmitis after Uncomplicated Cataract Surgery with the Use of Fourth-Generation Fluoroquinolones. Ophthalmology. 2007 Apr;114(4):686-91.Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study Group (1995) Results of the endophthalmitis vitrectomy study. Arch Ophthalmol 113:1479–1496
Cataract Surgery Post-Operative Management
1 Day VA Wound IOP Anterior Chamber IOL Placement Manifest Refraction or Pinhole if needed If Dilated Look at Retina
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Cataract Surgery Post-Operative Management
1 Day Complications Increased IOP Reduced Visual AcuityWound Leak Chroidals Displaced IOL
High IOP
Determination Based on Patient
Glaucoma Meds
Referral
Relieve Pressure Through Wound
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Cataract Surgery Post-Operative Management
1 Week VAWound IOP Anterior Chamber IOL PlacementManifest Refraction
Cataract Surgery Post-Operative Management
1 Week Dilation? Typically dc Antibiotic Reduce Steroid if A/C Reaction has
decreased to bid
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Supra-choroidal Hemorrhage
Wound Leak
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Suprachoroidal Hemorrhage
Retained Lens Material
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Microscope Photo-toxicity
Displaced IOL
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Endophthalmitis
Cataract Surgery Post-Operative Management
1 Month Anterior Segment Evaluation IOP Typically dc Pred Forte Manifest Refraction Evaluate if Decreased VA
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Cataract Surgery Post-Operative Management
Possible Complications Cystoid Macular Edema Latent InflammationLens Precipitates
Retinal Detachment
Cystoid Macular Edema (CME)
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OCT
Lens Precipitates
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Retinal Detachment
Cataract Surgery Post-Operative Management
3 Month Anterior Segment Evaluation Posterior Segment Evaluation IOP Manifest Refraction if necessary Evaluate if Decreased VA
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Problem Solving if Not Happy
Residual Refractive Error Topographic abnormality Surface problems Dry eye
MGD
EBMD
Retina problems CME
Hole
Capsular fibrosis Realistic Expectations
Preoperative Macular Conditions
CME risk is increased in:Epiretinal Membranes DM Chronic uveitis
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Intraoperative Cataract
Complications
Mature Cataract Dense, brunescent reddish-brown to black
Shallow AC, narrow angles, anterior bowing of the front surface of lens
Zonular laxity lets lens shift forward
Advanced age, smoking, poor nutrition
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Hypermature Cataract White
No red reflex
Capsulorrhexis difficult to control
Increased intracapsular/intralenticular pressure
Capsular Staining
Trypan blue – Vision Blue
Capsulorrhexis visualization enhanced
Dye injected over capsule under air bubble
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Pre-Op Evaluation Zonular instability – PXE
Corneal endothelium – Fuch’s Dystrophy, guttata
Narrow angles – gonioscopy
Check for RAPD if unable to measure VA
B-scan ultrasound if unable to visualize retina
Zonular Weakness - PXE Poor pupil dilation
Dandruff-like flakes
Phacodonesis – 25% of zonules weak
Capsular tears
Vitreous loss
Post-op inflammation
Capsular phimosis
Scandinavians up to 20%
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Capsular Tension Rings
Stabilize lens-zonule complex
Circumferential expansile force to capsular equator
Forces equally distributed
Can be left in place
Prevents capsular phimosis
Intraoperative Floppy Iris Syndrome
Iris billowing and floppiness
Iris prolapse thru incisions
Progressive miosis during surgery
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Flomax - Tamsulosin
Selective alpha-1A receptor subtype-blocker
Treats benign prostatic hypertrophy
Loss of iris dilator smooth muscle tone-permanent
Relaxes smooth muscle of bladder neck/prostate
Treats urinary retention in women
Intraoperative Floppy Iris Syndrome
Selective alpha-1A receptor subtype blocker
Rapaflo – silodosin
Non-subtype selective alpha receptor blocker
Hytrin – terazosin
Cardura – doxazosin
Uroxatral – alfuzosin
Nutraceutical
Saw palmetto
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IFIS Strategies Pre-op atropine
Intra-cameral epinephrine
Visco-mydriasis
Flexible iris retractors
Malyugin expansion ring
Thank You