Challenge of the 21st Century and 3rd Millennium€¦ · hydro power / tidal / wave power ocean &...
Transcript of Challenge of the 21st Century and 3rd Millennium€¦ · hydro power / tidal / wave power ocean &...
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Challenge of the 21st Centuryand 3rd Millennium
Gustav R. GrobInternational Sustainable Energy Organization ISEO
Chairman ISO Committee on Energy Systems Analyses
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The long, dramatic history of fire
The tragic fire age from fire armsto polluting combustion, bush fires
and nuclear catastrophes
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-1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
SOLAR PV & THERMAL ENERGY DIRECT WIND POWERHYDRO POWER / TIDAL / WAVE POWEROCEAN & GEOTHERMAL ENERGYBIOMASS / BIOGAS ENERGYAMBIENT ENERGYMUSCLE POWERNOVEL ENERGY SYSTEMS
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY SUPPLY
INEVITABLE CLIMAX OFMINERAL ENERGY
HAZARDOUS ANDDEPLETING ENERGY
CONSUMPTION(FOSSIL & FISSILE)
[YEARS]
200
100
ENERGY[PWh]
ENERGY HISTORY & FORECAST
t
E
RENEWABLE ENERGY CONSUMPTION
TOTAL USABLEENERGY ON EARTH
DEPLETION OF FINITE ENERGY RESOURCES
OPTION A
OPTION B
MAXIMUM
OPTION 0 (ZERO-SUBSTITUTION)
SOURCE : ISEO
PRESENT SITUATION
TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION
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W O R L D E N E R G Y S C E N A R I O 2000 - 2050
0 . 0
5 0 . 0
1 0 0 . 0
1 5 0 . 0
2 0 0 . 0
2 5 0 . 0
3 0 0 . 0
2000 2010 2020 2030 2040
S o u r c e f o r F i n i t e E n e r g y D a t a : A S P O a t w w w . p e a k o i l . n e t & K y o t o P r o t o c o l
WO R L D E N E R G Y D E M A N D
2 % A N N U A L G R O W T H RE NE WAB LE E NE RGY DE MAND GROWT H AV. 5 . 2 %
FINIT E E NE RGY DE CLINE
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Renewable Energies only 13,5 %
according to IEA-OECD
Mineral
Energies 86.5 %
( Combustion
lution, Depletion ! )
124 PWh
- over 20 % in reality
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Renewable Energy Option Immediately Feasible Theor. Potential- Bio energy 50 PWh/year 78- Hydropower 8 14- Geothermal Electricity Conventional 2- Geothermal Electricity / Hot Dry Rock 20 388- Geothermal Heat 4- Wind Power 53 160- Solar PV Power 6- Solar Thermal Power 40 435- Solar Active Heat 20- Solar Passive Heat (Buildings) 10- Ocean Energy (Waves and Tides) 15 202- Heat Pumps 10 50- Muscle Energy (Food Chain) 1 10- Novel Energy Technologies (R&D) 100 200
Total RE potential 339 PWh/year 1537
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Factors affecting electricity generation cost
Optimal system (type, size, location, taxes)Fuel prices (escalation, emission levies, taxes)Carbon Credits (EUR per saved Ton of CO2)External Cost (environment, climate and health)Risks of disasters, wars, terror, contamination:exposure of power plants to sabotage, tornados,earth quakes or meteorites causing radioactivecatastrophes, epidemia, explosions, leaks, spills
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TRUE ENERGY COST
0
10
20
30
40
50
60Nuc
lear
Gas
Fire
d
Oil
Fire
d
Coa
l Fire
d
Bio
mas
s
Hyd
ro P
ower
Oce
an W
ave
Win
d Pow
er
Sol
ar T
herm
al
Geo
The
mal
OTE
C
PV
ENERGY SYSTEM
EURO
CEN
TS /
kWh
Extra RiskExternal CostCarbon CreditMax Net CostMin. Net Cost
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Tools for Emission ReductionIncentives and Penalties
ISO 13602-1 Energy Systems Analyses Standard
Global Energy Charter for Sustainable Development
International Carbon Credit Mechanisms (Kyoto etc.)
Polluters pay accounting principle (world-wide)
Tax Reforms:more taxes on pollution – less on productive income
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CleanVehicles
Hydropower
GeothermalEnergy
HeatPumps
SolarEnergy
BioEnergy
Ocean Energy
Wind Power
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Conclusions
The polluters pay principle is a MUST
Abundant Renewable Energies are available
All Finite Mineral concepts can be abandoned
Evolution of Quality of Life becomes possible
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www.uniseo.org