Ch6 Survey

ANNUAL REPORT 20 11-201 2200

SURVEY OF INDIA

Survey of India, under the Department of Science & Technology is the repository of National Framework data, Geodetic Control (Horizontal and Vertical) & Geodetic surveys, Topographical Control, Surveysand Mapping, within India and neighbouring country, International Boundary matters, Surveys forDevelopmental Projects, Cantonments, Large Scale City Surveys, Guide Maps etc, Mapping and Productionof Geographical Maps, Aeronautical Charts, Survey and Mapping of special maps and Toponomy.

With the advent of technology, especially in the field of Information Technology, there is a horizontalgrowth in user base and vertical growth in demands of updated geospatial data. The users demands ofdata are in respect of both resolution and currency for various applications. This poses a challenge as wellas provides an opportunity to Survey of India (SOI), the National Mapping Orgnisation with theresponsibilities to create, maintain & disseminate the Topographical Data for entire country.

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH

1. Antarctica Expedition

Initiative:

Large scale maps and a network of well distributed precise control points is essential for carrying outlocation based research activities, Survey of India started participation in Indian Antarctica ResearchProgramme from 10th Expedition, 1990-91 and start providing a network of Ground Control Pointsand mapping for scientific studies in Antarctica.

Achievement:

Survey of India has already prepared a large scale base map of Indian permanent station, Maitri andits surroundings and mapping of new site Larsemann on scale 1:2,500 has also been completed. This willfacilitate Indias claim for establishment of permanent station at this site. Survey of India also carries outcontinuous GPS observation which will contribute for analysis of continental drift.

During 30th Antarctica Expedition survey team carried out 07 days GPS observation was at the mainGPS reference station at Bharati Island (Larsemann hills) and Detail survey on 1:5,000 scale with 5 metrecontour interval was carried out for an area of 1.493 sq. k.m in the Fisher Island area. This field datacollection work was carried out for the preparation of large scale topographical map of the Fisher Islandarea.

ANNUAL REPORT 20 11-201 2 201

Fig. 6.1: Plane Tabling Survey in Larsemann Hills

2. HUMAN RESOURCES FOR INDIAN S&T ADVANCEMENT

Indian Institute of Surveying & Mapping (IISM), the capacity building arm of Survey of India is nowrecognised as the prestigious training establishment in the field of Surveying and Cartography to imparttraining to the Officers and Staff of Survey of India and Government Organisation, Private Individuals andScholars from other Afro-Asian counties.

The Institute also conduct M.Tech (Geomatics) and M.Sc. (Geospatial Science) Academic twoyears Post Graduate Programme in collaboration with Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University,Hyderabad.

IIS&M courses are held in high esteem by Scientific Department and organizations. Total 515 personsincluding 11 foreign trainees were trained during 2011-12.

3. TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES

i) Open Series Map (OSM) on Scale 1:50,000:Initiative

Survey of India has been preparing maps on Everest Datum and Polyconic Projection since itsinception, but after the New National Map Policy, 2005 there was a major change in the policy ofmap making wherein Survey of India has been mandated to prepare map on WGS-84 Datum and


UTM Projection for public use without restriction. Also due to major activities in the Industry forGIS preparation, data is mostly required in Geo-data base form.

Survey of India has generated two series of maps Defence Series Maps (DSMs) and the OpenSeries Maps (OSMs) on WGS-84 Datum and UTM Projection.Achievements:

Survey of India has completed 4400 Open Series Maps (OSMs) on WGS-84 Datum and UTMProjection. To prepare a paper map, the major effort required was patterning (conversion of vectoriseddata into symbolized form) of digital data and another activity for printing a paper map wastransformation of patterned data into CYMK (which requires generation of colour separates oneither film or directly on to plate for printing machine).To complete patterning and CYMK generation in time Survey of India prepare a Plan SchemePatterning and Conversion of Digital data into Geo-database for 11th Five Year Plan. Yearwise achievements during 11th Five year Plan are shown as below:

Fig. 6.2

ii) Digital Topographical Base on 1:25,000 Scale:Initiative:

The main purpose of the National Map policy (NMP) is to promote a flourishing geospatial industrywith participation from academia, NGOs, Private sector etc. Therefore the NMP encourages theuser not only to access the map freely but also add value to them.


To fulfill the above purpose Survey of India generate Digital National Topographical Data Base(DTDB) of existing maps available in the Hard copy form as Printed maps, PT section, Air surveysection, Scribing section etc. on deferent Scale.

Achievements:

Survey of India has completed Digital Topographical Data Base of 394 Sheets of 1:250K, 5060Sheets of 1:50K and 7,500 Sheets of 1:25K . For Generation of Digital Topographical Databaseon scale 1:25 K Survey of India prepare a Plan Scheme Implementation of New National MapPolicy during 12th Five Year Plan (2007-2012) and Yea wise achievements are shown as below:

Fig. 6.3

(iii) Tidal Data.Initiative:

Tidal data will provide a basic tool for various scientific studies related to sea level variations andcrustal movements and Survey of India provides accurate tidal predictions for safe commercialnavigation, sea level development work and for strategic planning with our traditional Indian tidalnetwork. Survey of India takes the initiative to modernize the Tide gauge stations during 10th and 11thPlan and Prepare a plan Scheme Modernization and expansion of Indian Tide Gauge networkwith special reference to storm Surge Modeling and Tsunami Warning System.

Achievements:

Survey of India has equipped the 18 nos. out of 36 Tide gauge stations with digital tide gauges co-located with GPS receiver to monitor sea level variation and crustal movement. Real time datacommunication facilities have been established at National Tidal Data Centre, Dehradun as well as atseveral remote locations along Indian coastline and Islands.

Tidal data received from the remote locations is being analyzed in real time at National Tidal DataCentre, Dehradun. This data is also being mirrored to National Tsunami Warning Center, INCOIS,Hyderabad on real time for further analysis and issuance of alert/ warning in case of extreme events


like tsunami and storm surges taking place in the region. This will facilitate timely evacuation of publicfrom tsunami and storm surge hit areas.

Fig. 6.4

(iv) National Standardised Control FrameworkInitiative

Survey of India is the only government agency, which provides Geodetic Control throughout thecountry and also provides data to the various governments and other national orgnisations includingdefence forces, according to their requirements. With the introduction of GPS technology, Survey ofIndia also develops a GPS Control network throughout the country. Standard Ground Control Points(GCPs) enable state cadastral department besides other agencies engaged in generating geo-spatialinformation to carry out their job in a national geodetic reference system.Survey of India Prepared a Plan Scheme Creation of National Ground Control Points (GCP) Libraryfor India during 10th and 11th five year plan to carry out in three phases. The first phase envisagesthe establishment of 300 well spread high precision Ground Control Points (GCPs) at a spacing of250-300 km apart. In the second phase, the responsibility will be to densify it with 2200 precisionGround Control Points at a spacing of 30 to 40 km apart and in the third phase, it will be furtherdensified to 65,000 GCPs connecting all the tri-junction village boundary pillars available on theground.

Achievement

Survey of India has completed the observation at 300 Ground Control Points (GCPs) covering theentire country in 1st phase. Densification of first order network at a spacing of 30 to 40 km. apart islikely to complete.


Reece/ Site selection of 2262 points, construction of 2247 pillars and GPS observation at 1550stations have been completed so far. State wise processing & adjustment of GPS data for GCPLibrary Phase-II is under progress.

Fig. 6.5

(v) Mapping on 1:10,000 scale for micro-level planningInitiative:

Providing reliable and accurate information with necessary details on time is extremely important forgeospatial solutions in the areas of rural and social development, infrastructure and natural resourcesmanagement programmes. Presently Survey of India has topographic maps on 1:250,000, 1: 50,000 and1: 25,000 scale, covering entire country Keeping this constraint in mind, it is a necessary prerequisite togenerate large scale base maps for use in decision making and developmental programmes.

In view of the users demand for high resolution map data, Survey of India had taken initiative forgeneration of maps on 1:10,000 scale for the entire country. To complete the above task survey ofIndia prepares a Plan Scheme Generation of National Digital Topographical Database on1:10,000 Scale during 12th Five year Plan. This will facilitate the micro-level planning like watersheddevelopment, irrigation etc. and will be made available for village/Panchayat level planners.

Achievement:

Survey of India has completed a pilot Project of 1:10k mapping and launched on the website for theuse of public. The map content, data model, alternate source material and their availability and technical


methodology to be adopted have been finalized, based on that Standard Operating Process (SOP)has been prepared. Data Model & Symbology Library for 1:10,000 Scale mapping has been prepared.

4. INTERNATIONAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COOPERATIONThe rapid advance in geospatial information and technologies, and their easy accessibility, has made

such information an invaluable tool in research, business and policy planning and implementation. Theeffective use of geospatial information helps many of the current humanitarian, environmental, anddevelopmental challenges facing by the world, such as climate change, natural disasters, populationdisplacement, peace and security, food and economic crises which are a cross-border nature requiringboth global and national policy. Survey of India represents at various International conferences/Seminarsto promote the growth of geospatial data/information and introduce the latest technology of surveying foroptimum results.

Surveyor General of India participated in the First Level Forum on United Nations Global Geospatialinformation Management held on 24th to 26th October, 2011 in Seoul, Republic of Korea. The objectiveof the Forum is to provide an opportunity for in-depth discussion and consultation among Governments,non-governmental organisations and the private sector.

Survey teams from Geodetic & Research Branch of Survey of India are sent to Bhutan for CheckSurvey of various Hydel projects under construction, with reference to the control points already establishedby Survey of India and fixing some additional control points due to change of power house site forPunatsangchu Hydro Electric Project for stage II in Bhutan.5. NATIONAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT

INFORMATION SYSTEMS (NSTMIS)i) Mapping and Delineation of Hazard Line:

Initiative

To ensure effective protection of shore lines, coastal infrastructure, livelihoods and lives throughimproved coastal management a Coastal Management Program undertaken by Ministry of Environment& Forest (MoEF) and entrusting the work of supplying a requisite coastal data and vulnerabilitymapping,( involving hazard line demarcation of coastal areas) to Survey of India through its IntegratedCoastal Zone Management (ICZM) Project.The objective of the project is to delineate, map and benchmark the coastal hazard line all along themainland coast of India under World Bank Assisted Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM)project, where SOI has to generate a 0.5 meter elevation contour map on 1:10,000 scale as basemap to delineate the Hazard Line for the entire mainland coast of India upto the maximum width of 7km from shore line on the landward side.

Achievement

1. Tidal data pertaining to 40 years (as available with G&RB) for extraction of maximum annualelevation and extra-pullation for 100 years pertaining to 20 ports (converted to MSL heights ascompiled by G&RB) has been submitted to MoEF.


2. Primary GPS Control has been completed.

3. DT/ST leveling is under progress.

4. Shape file generation for flight planning in respect of K&L GDC, M&G GDC, KGDC,TNP&ANI GDC and WB&SGDC Completed.

5. Collection of co-ordinate by hand held GPS on existing GTS BM & GCPs is under progress.

Fig. 6.6

ii) Coal Mine ProjectInitiative

Survey of India is going to generate up-to-date digital topographical maps of Major Indian Coalfields covering an area of 26,400 sq.km. in five years time for Central Mine Planning & DesignInstitute, a subsidiary of Cold India Limited using aerial photographs and adequate ground checks.

To generate the Topographical maps of the major coalfields on 1:5000 scale with 2 meter contourinterval in Plains (in case of hilly terrain contour interval may be 3-5 meter as practical ) in GIS digitalformat based on Digital Photogrammetric Techniques using high resolution aerial photographs andadequate ground verification.

Survey of India also impart on-job training on data processing and interpretation to 4 scientists ofCentral Mine Planning & Design Institute for three months at the initial stage on preparation ofTopographical maps based on aerial photographs using digital photogrammetric technique.


Achievement

Construction of 82 Primary BM/ GPS Pillars and 12 hrs. GPS observation on75 control points for17 Coal Fields are completed. 2500 linear Km. DT leveling line has been carried out for providingheight contol. Aerial Photography in respect of 10 Coal Fields (Priority 1 area) (Bisrampur,Lakhanpur, Korba,Chirimiri, Sonhat, Sohagpur, Talcher, Hasda, Arand,,I.B. Valley & MandRaigarh)has been received and feature extraction is to be initiated.

iii) Urban Mapping for NUISInitiative

The Ministry of Urban Development (MOUD), hosts the National Natural Resources ManagementSystem (NNRMS) Standing Committee on Urban Management (SC-U) and the proposal to developholistic National Urban Information System (NUIS) Scheme was mooted by the SC-U to be takenup in a National Mission Mode. The objective of the project is to develop attribute as well as spatialdata base for various levels of urban planning and decision support to meet requirements of urbanplanning and management. Survey of India has taken up the work to generate and supply the geo-spatial data required for the project.Databases to be developed at two levels on 1:10,000 scale GIS database for Development/MasterPlan for 152 selected towns using remote sensing satellite imagery and on 1:2,000 scale GIS databasefor detailed town planning schemes using high resolution remotely sensed data sources (AerialPhotographs) for the same 152 selected towns. On 1:1,000 scale Utility Maps derived from the1:2,000 base maps, for 22 towns to be undertaken using Ground Profiling/Penetrating Radar (GPR)technology.

Achievement

- Databases on 1:10,000 scale Thematic mapping and thematic mapping of 125 towns have beencompleted and final product of 116 towns has been sent to state nodal agencies.

- Databases on 1:2,000 scale - Aerial photography of 133 towns have been completed. Controlpoints of 119 towns have been completed. 2D Feature extraction of 94 towns and ground Survey of4 towns, using Total Station has been completed. Final data of 86 towns has been sent to StateNodal Agencies.

iv) Delhi State Spatial Data Infrastructure (DSSDI ) ProjectInitiative

Survey of India has to create Land Information System and central data base for all Govt. Departmentof Govt. of National Capital Territory of Delhi (GNCTD) and 3D GIS solution including generationof large scale base map.

Achievement

Extensions of framework control, Aerial Triangulation, DEM generation and preparation ofOrtho-photo have been completed.


Installation, Testing, Integration and operationalisation of 2 main control centres and equipment& commissioned for 8 monitoring centres are completed. Delhi Geo Portal for DSSDIproject completed.

3D Feature extraction, Ground validation over ground utility survey & creation of topographicaldatabase have been completed. Property survey for property GIS, linking of property data with thebuildings and Utility Mapping (Underground) are under progress completed. 3D Topology generationcompleted.

v) GIS BASED MAPPING OF CITIES/TOWNSInitiative

Survey of India has taken up a job for Registrar General of India to supply the digitized ward Mapswith attached attributes. Ward map will be prepared on large scale (1:2000) and will be verified onthe ground to collect the house number along with the other information in tabular form. When themaps are digitized (with attribute house number map), the digital ward is joined with the tabularinformation to give the digital data of ward with complete information.

Achievement

Survey of India has completed Ward wise Mapping and GIS creation of 28 cities, Project completed.6. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PROGRAMMES FOR SOCIO

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT(i) Topographical activities:(a) Control Work: Traverse ... 372 linear km Levelling ... 6882 linear km(b) Surveys: Boundary demarcation(Indo-Pak) 113 linear km Boundary demarcation(Indo-Bangladesh) .... 345 linear km Joint demarcation /relocation of missing / ..... 20 pillars Joint demarcation, relaying & construction of Boundary ..... BP 2-BP9, BP66/1-68/9,

pillars (India Bhutan) BP15/8-24, BP68/10-75 Verification surveys for IAF .... 15 Aerodromes(c) Printing: Printing of various types of maps ... 1000 Maps(ii) Digitisation and creation of Digital Cartographic databases Departmental maps on various scales ... 601 Maps on 1:25,000 scale

Extra Departmental maps on various scales ... 100 Project maps


(iii) Geodetic and Geophysical surveys:

a) Geodetic surveys for monitoring of progress of various developmental projects are in progress.b) During the year, Survey of India is committed to carry out the following tasks as departmental

commitment:

GPS observations - 594 stations

Precision Levelling - 1396 linear km

EDM Traverse - 82 linear km

Gravity observations - 1057stations

Installation of Tide Gauges - 13 Stations

7. DST SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS & PROFESSIONAL ACADEMIES - Not Applicable

8. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY BASED SERVICES

The following projects based on latest available technologies have been taken up by Survey of India.a) Hydro- Electric Projects

Large scale survey with provision of precise height and planimetric controls for planning of variousHydro-Electric Projects at different places have been taken up.(i) Kauli Hydro Electric Power Project (Himachal Pradesh):- Providing plan & Height control

points & Mapping on 1:200 scale..

(ii) Thana Plaun & Beri Nichli H.E.P. Project (Himachal Pradesh):- Providing control workby GPS and leveling (Provision of Control & levelling for 27 points.)

(iii) Kadwan Project (Uttar Pradesh):- Supply of Control data (Co- ordinates, BMs &Hts,) &Field verification. Work is under progress.

b) Relaying of Bhakhra Grid junction point in seven village of Haryana: Grid junction points of7 villages completed .

c) NRSC Project:- Survey of India Converted Digital Topographical Data base of 2890 maps on1:50,000 scale from DGN to Arc Geo data base and supply to National Remote Sensing Centre.

d) Special Survey for IAF /Air Ports :- Survey of India carry out special survey for India Air Forceand Prepares IAF(OGM), IAF (PGM) & Land Approach Chart (LAC) etc.

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