RENAISSANCE:

LESSON 2

: THE N

ORTHERN R

ENAISSANCE

the northern renaissance

Bell Work:● #3 – Ch. 1/L2 Vocabulary● #4 – Global Impact, pg.

50. ●Write the questions.

#5 - Ch. 1/L3 vocabulary

the northern renaissance

Objectives:

● Explain the origins and characteristics of the Northern Renaissance.

● Trace the impact of the Renaissance on German and Flemish painters.

● Profile key Northern Renaissance writers.

● Explain how printing spread ideas.

the northern renaissance

By the end of the 15th century (1400’s), the ideas and values of Renaissance Italy began to spread north into England, France, Germany, and Flanders (part of present day France and the Netherlands)….

the northern renaissance

Plague:● The bubonic plague had

killed between 75-200 million people in Europe.

● 1450 – the population begins to grow again.

the northern renaissance

War:● Hundred Years War (1337-

1453) –a series of conflicts between England and France for control of the French throne.

● After the war, many cities grew rapidly.

● Urban merchants became wealthy (first in Flanders).● this increased the patronage

of the arts.

the northern renaissance

Artistic Ideas Spread:● Artists studied under Italian

masters, copied technique, brought these ideas with them.

● Northern European rulers purchased paintings, hired Italian artists and architects

● There was a growing interest in realism and art that depicted every day life.

the northern renaissanceThe Renaissance Spreads:● King Francis I of France invited da Vinci to retire in France.

● This inspired other northern leaders to hire Italian artists.

the Palace at Fontainebleau

the northern renaissance

The Renaissance Spreads:

● 1494 – King Charles VIII of France invaded and claimed the throne of Naples. ● This invasion forced

many artists to head north into France and England.

the northern renaissance

German Painters;● Albrecht Durer

● travelled to Italy to study (1494).

● famous for woodcuts and engravings.

● used religious, mythical, and realistic landscapes.

● popularity of his work helped spread Renaissance styles.

the northern renaissance

Innsbruck Castle Courtyard The Revelation of St John: 4. The Four Riders of the Apocalypse,

the northern renaissance

The Lamentation for Christ (1500)

the northern renaissance

Hans Holbein the Younger● Durer’s emphasis on realism

influenced other German artists like Holbein.

● Holbein specialized in painting portraits.

● Nearly photographic quality.

the northern renaissanceSir Thomas More (1527) The Ambassadors (1533)

the northern renaissance

the northern renaissance

Flemish Painters● Flanders

the northern renaissanceFlemish Painters● Flanders – the artistic center of northern Europe.

● With the support of wealth merchant families, Flemish artists were able to flourish.

● Jan van Eyck● the first great Flemish artist● used oil based paints to create a variety of subtle

colors.● the use of oil based paints eventually spread to Italy.

● Pieter Bruegel● the peak of Flemish painting (1550)● created scenes from everyday life (i.e. weddings,

dances, and harvests)

the northern renaissance

The Annunciation

Portrait of a Manin a Turban

Jan van Eyck

the northern renaissance

Pieter Bruegel,The WeddingDance

the northern renaissance

Pieter Bruegel, The Dutch Proverbs

the northern renaissance

Northern Writers Try to Reform Society

● Humanism● Italian humanists – classical

language and classical texts; used reason to improve themselves.

● Northern humanists – reexamined the traditional teachings of the Church.

the northern renaissance

● The Church had failed to inspire people to live Christian lives. ● Christian humanism = the

reform of society and the Church. ●EDUCATION!!!!● for women● founded schools for

boys and girls.

the northern renaissance● Erasmus:

● Dutch priest● 1509 – The Praise of Folly;

poked fun at greedy merchants, heartsick lovers, quarrelsome scholars, and pompous priests.

● Believed in a Christianity of the heart, not ceremony or rules.

● Produced a Bible in Greek.● To improve society, all should

study the Bible.

the northern renaissance

● Thomas More● 1516 – wrote Utopia, a book

about an imaginary land where there is no greed, corruption, or war.● utopia = “no place” in

Greek

the northern renaissance

Women’s Reforms● Northern humanists promoted

education for women, and founded schools for boys and girls.

● Most Europeans couldn’t read. Those who could afford schooling typically sent their sons.

the northern renaissance

Women’s Reforms● Christine de Pizan – highly

educated female writer.● born in 1363● wrote in many books, short

stories in French.● The Book of the City of Ladies

- detailed some of the objections men had to educating women.● pg. 48

the northern renaissance

The Elizabethan Age● The Renaissance reaches

England in the mid-1500’s.● “Elizabethan Age” = Queen

Elizabeth I reigned 1558-1603.● well educated● spoke French, Italian, Latin,

and Greek● did much to promote the

development of English art and literature.

the northern renaissance

Shakespeare● most famous writer of the

Elizabethan Age● born 1564 in Stratford-upon-

Avon.● revered and drew inspiration

from the classics.● revealed the souls of men and

women, and promoted a positive view of human nature.

● most famous plays include MacBeth, Hamlet, and Romeo and Juliet.

the northern renaissance

Printing Spreads the Renaissance

● the Chinese invented block printing and also, (around 1043) movable type.

● 13th century – block printed items reached Europe from China.● European printers were able

to create whole pages to bind into books, but the process was too slow.

the northern renaissance

Printing Spreads the Renaissance● Johann Gutenberg

● craftsman from Mainz, Germany● around 1440, combined several

technologies to create a printing press that could produce books quickly and cheaply.● books were cheap enough that

many people could afford them. ● thousands of Bibles, art texts,

novels, travel guides, medical manuals were published all across Europe. (pg. 50)

the northern renaissance

Legacy of the Renaissance● In art:

● Realism● Secularism● Vernacular● Humanism

In society:● printing spread ideas● literacy rates went up● published accounts of new discoveries, maps, and

charts led to further discoveries.● Christian humanists● people began to question political structures and

religious practices.