Ch07 presentation shock
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Transcript of Ch07 presentation shock
Chapter 7Shock
Introduction to Shock
• Perfusion− Adequate blood and oxygen are provided to
all cells in the body.• Hypoperfusion
− The cardiovascular system fails.− Blood circulation eventually ceases.
Damage Caused by Shock
• Brain− 4 to 6 minutes
• Abdominal organs− 45 to 90 minutes
• Skin and muscle cells− 3 to 6 hours
Perfusion Triangle
• Think of the circulatory system as having three components.− Heart (pump)− Blood vessels (pipes)− Blood (fluid)
Perfusion Triangle
• Shock occurs when one or more of the sides are not working properly.
© Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Causes of Shock
• Cardiovascular− Pump failure
• Cardiogenic shock− Loss of fluid or
blood• Hypovolemic shock
or hemorrhagic shock
© Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Causes of Shock
• Cardiovascular (cont’d)− Poor vessel
function• Neurogenic shock
− Combined vessel and content failure
• Septic shock© Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Causes of Shock
• Noncardiovascular− Respiratory
insufficiency• Chest injury• Airway obstruction
− Anaphylactic shock• Medications• Food• Insect stings
© Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Causes of Shock
• Noncardiovascular (cont’d)− Psychogenic shock
• Fainting, or syncope• Causes include fear, bad news, and unpleasant
sights.
The Progression of Shock
• Compensated shock
• Decompensated shock
• Irreversible shock
© Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Shock: What to Look For
• Altered mental status• Pale, cold, and clammy skin• Pale or cyanotic lips and/or nail beds• Nausea/vomiting• Rapid breathing and heart rate• Unresponsiveness when shock is severe
Shock: What to Do
• Treat injuries.• If responsive and
breathing normally, keep the person flat on his or her back.
• If no sign of injury, raise the feet 6–12 inches.
© Jones & Bartlett Learning.
© Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Shock: What to Do
• If unresponsive, roll the person onto his or her side.
• Prevent the loss of body heat.
• Call 9-1-1.• Do not give anything
to eat or drink.
© Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Anaphylaxis: What to Look For
• Shortness of breath• Swelling of tongue, mouth, nose• Intense itching• Flushed skin or swollen face• Sneezing, coughing, wheezing• Tightness and swelling in the throat• Tightness in the chest
Anaphylaxis: What to Look For
• Increased heart rate• Cyanosis• Dizziness• History of previous severe allergic
reactions• Medical identification tag
Anaphylaxis: What to Do• Call 9-1-1.• Monitor breathing• If the person has an epinephrine auto-
injector, help administer it.• If the person can swallow, give an
antihistamine.
Using an Epinephrine Auto-Injector
• Find the injection site on the outer midthigh.
• Remove the safety cap. © Jones & Bartlett Learning.
© Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Using an Epinephrine Auto-Injector
• Push against the outer midthigh.
• Hold in place for 10 seconds.
• Pull the auto-injector straight out from the leg.
• Rub the area for 10 seconds.
© Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Mild Allergic Reaction: What to Look For
• Red, itchy eyes• Itchy, sneezing, runny nose• Rash on skin, usually on one part of the
body
Mild Allergic Reaction: What to Do
• Help the person:− Self-administer his or her asthma “rescue”
inhaler− Take an antihistamine
Fainting: What to Do
• If a person suddenly collapses:− Check breathing.− If breathing stops, call 9-1-1 and give CPR.− If person is breathing:
• Keep the person flat on his or her back.• Monitor breathing; if it stops, give CPR.• Check and treat any injuries.• Wipe the person’s forehead with a cool, wet cloth.
Fainting: What to Do• If a person is about to faint:
− Prevent a hard fall.• If you feel faint:
− Lie down or sit down.− Do not place your head between your knees.