Ch05 Notes

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9/10/2015 1 Diffusion (Chapter 5) Substitutional Diffusion Activation Energy of Self diffusion Activation Energy to form a Vacancy Activation Energy to move a vacancy = + Figure 4.35

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Notes for IUPUI ME 344

Transcript of Ch05 Notes

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Diffusion (Chapter 5)

Substitutional Diffusion

Activation Energy ofSelf diffusion

ActivationEnergy toform aVacancy

ActivationEnergy tomove a vacancy

= +

Figure 4.35

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1/T

K

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Interstitial Diffusion mechanism

Interstitial atoms

Matrixatoms Figure 4.37

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Fick’s 1st Law

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Carburizing

C %

Figure 4.43 bCarbon Gradients In Carburized metals

(After “Metals handbook,” vol.2: “Heat Treating,” 8th ed, American Society of Metals, 1964, p.100)

dx

dcD

dx

d

dt

dC xx

Plane 1 Plane 2

Change of concentration of solute Atoms with change in time in different planes

Fick’s 2nd Law

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1

‐1

erf(z) z

0 0

0.1 0.08

0.2 0.17

0.3 0.26

0.4 0.37

0.5 0.47

0.6 0.58

0.7 0.72

0.8 0.90

0.9 1.16

1.0 infinity

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erf(z) z

0 0

0.1 0.08

0.2 0.17

0.3 0.26

0.4 0.37

0.5 0.47

0.6 0.58

0.7 0.72

0.8 0.90

0.9 1.16

1.0 infinity

The chemical O‐ethyl S‐[2‐(diisopropylamino)ethyl] methylphosphonothioate(C11H26NO2PS known as VX) has a molar mass of 267.37 g/mol and a diffusivity of 5.1 x 10‐12 m2 /s through low‐density polyethylene (LDPE). You happen to be at a chemical spill of VX and decide to cover yourself with a trash bag (made out of LDPE) for protection. You are accidently splashed by 0.0426g of VX,  creating a 4cm diameter by 1mm thick spot on the outside of the your ad hoc personal protection suit.  If the trash bag is 0.005 cm thick, how long do you have before the concentration on the inside of the bag becomes lethal at 19.04 mol/m3?  If you need it,  here is the erf table.

Effect of Temperature

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Diffusivity Data for Some Metals

Solute Solvent D0

(M2/S)

Q KJ/m

ol

Carbon FCC Iron 2 x 10-5 142

Carbon BCC Iron 22 x 10-5 122

Copper Aluminum 1.5 x 10-5 126

Copper Copper 2 x 10-5 197

Carbon HCP Titanium

51 x 10-5 182Figure 4.47

(After L.H. Van Vlack. “Elements of Materials Science and Engineering.” 5th ed., Addison-Wesley, 1985. P.137.)