Ch03-Biological - handout for distribution

8/7/2019 Ch03-Biological - handout for distribution

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Psych101-S&M:

Biological Psychology(see also Kalat Chapter 3)

Larry W. Hawk, Ph.D.University at Buffalo,

State University of New York

NIMH CD-ROM: The Brains Inner Workings

Biological Psychology

I. History

II. Nervous system overview

III. Brain and behavior

IV. Neurons: nervous system building blocks

V. Genes: the fundamental building blocks

Bio Psych: I. HistoryOrigins of Brain-Behavior Relationships

trephining

Egyptian writings

Hippocrates -- brain-beh; humors

Plato dualism v. Aristotle -- monism

Galen -- humoral hypothesis revisited


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Bio: I. History - Trephining

Shaver & Tarpy, 1993


Humoral hypothesis

Phlegm Yellow bile Blood Black bile

Bio Psych: I. HistoryOrigins of Brain-Behavior Relationships, Part 2

(Overview)

Stimulating case studies

Phineas Gage

Paul Broca

Carl Wernicke


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Phineas Gage (1848)


Whos area is it?


Conclusion: Some aspects of behaviorare related to specific brain areas


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I. HistoryII. Nervous system overview




AnatomicalDirections

More cool

planes and terms...

Planes ofthe Brain

More coolplanes and terms...


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Divisions of the Nervous System

CNS PNS

Brain Spinal Cord

Sympathetic Parasympathetic

Autonomic Somatic

Figure 3.25


I. History

II. Nervous system overview





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Brain

Intro

cor ex

internal structures

Intro to the brain: protection

Meninges

Cerebrospinal fluid

Blood-brain barrier

Brain

Intro

cortex

internal structures


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Brain

Intro

cor ex

internal structures

Longitudinal fissure

corpus callosum

split-brain research

BRAIN


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Figure 3.30 b

Hypothalamus - Link to Endocrine System

Hypothalamus

Pituitary

circulating hormones

4 Fs

HPA Axis&

Stress


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Medulla - Link to Autonomic Nervous System

Brain Spinal Cord

CNS

Sympathetic Parasympathetic

Autonomic Somatic

PNS

Branches of the ANS


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corpus callosum


laterality


corpus callosum


Figure 3.42


corpus callosum


Info on hemisphericspecialization

Figure 3.43 a


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Brain & Behavior (contd):Beyond Clinical Observations

Animal work:

Lesion studies (electrical, chemical)

Stimulation studies (electrical, chemical)

Brain & Behavior (contd):Beyond Clinical Observations

Human work:

Electroencephalogram

Functional imaging

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

Neuroscience for Kidshttp://www.med.harvard.edu/AANLIB/cases/caseNA/pb9.htm


I. History

II. Overview of the nervous system

III. The brain and behavior

IV. Neurons:

Building blocks of the nervous system



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Building Blocks

Glia

types:

sensory

motor

interneurons

Parts of a neuron

Parts of a neuron

Figure 3.16

Axon hillock


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Neural Communication

Within a neuron action potentials

-. . -

Between neurons

synaptic transmission

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=32aeRcWkLS8

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hqWv0iEF4ho&NR=1


Between neurons: Integrator - The Synapse

synapse - why have them?

presynaptic neuron

postsynaptic neuron

neurotransmitters

Figure 3.21


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Between neurons II: Integrator - ChemicalEvents at the Synapse(dont show)

diffusion across synapse

lock-and-key

ending the

process:

reuptake

diffusion

metabolism

Some Major Neurotransmitters


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I. HistoryII. Overview of the nervous system

III. The brain and behavior

IV. Neurons:

Building blocks of the nervous system


NOTE: Book has nice material on this!

Behavioral Genetics

Figure 3.4


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Behavioral GeneticsA simple case: Tongue-Rolling

Homozygous & heterozygous

Dominant and recessive

Figure 3.5

Behavioral Genetics

Nature or Nurture?

Heritability-- estimate of the variance

(0 - 1)

Family studies v. adoptive twin studies...


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Behavioral Genetics

Nature or Nurture?

But need adoption studies to be sure

Figure 3.8

Summary

Psychological events implemented withinthe body/brain

Brain regions specialized but work

together for complex phenom Neuronal communication allows for

complexity and integration

Genes provide one influence on behavior

Ch03-Biological - handout for distribution

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