Hitachi Single-Chip Microcomputer H8/3297 Series Hardware Manual
Ch Review1 Review Chapter Microcomputer Systems Hardware, Software, and the Operating System.
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Transcript of Ch Review1 Review Chapter Microcomputer Systems Hardware, Software, and the Operating System.
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Ch Review 1
Review Review ChapterChapter
Microcomputer Systems Hardware, Software, and the
Operating System
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Ch Review 2
OverviewOverview
Operating system of choice today is Windows 95/98
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Ch Review 3
OverviewOverview
Previously MS-DOS was the operating system of
choice.
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Ch Review 4
OverviewOverview
When using MS-DOS … only one application can be run at any given time there is no sharing of resources
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Ch Review 5
OverviewOverview
When using Windows … more than one program can run at any given time data can be shared between programs
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Ch Review 6
OverviewOverview
Still important to know DOS even though Windows 95 OS
no longer requires it.
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Ch Review 7
An Introduction An Introduction to Computersto Computers
Widespread use of computers in all sectors of
our lives.
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Ch Review 8
Categories of Categories of ComputersComputers
Four major categories of computers:
Supercomputer Mainframe Minicomputer Microcomputer
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Ch Review 9
Computer Computer ComponentsComponents
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Ch Review 10
Computer Computer ComponentsComponents
For a computer to function it needs …
hardware software data
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Ch Review 11
Microcomputer Microcomputer Hardware Hardware
ComponentsComponents
System configuration …the basic hardware components of a completeoperating system.
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Ch Review 12
Microcomputer Hardware
ComponentsComponents
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Ch Review 13
The System UnitThe System Unit
System unit …houses the electronic and
mechanical parts of thecomputer.
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Ch Review 14
The System UnitThe System Unit
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Ch Review 15
Central Processing Central Processing UnitUnit
Central Processing Unit (CPU) …
the brains of the computer.
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Ch Review 16
Central Processing Central Processing UnitUnit
Bus …a connection or path (wires) between the CPU and theinput/output devices.
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Ch Review 17
Random Access Random Access MemoryMemory
Random Access Memory (RAM) …
the workspace of the computer.
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Ch Review 18
Cache MemoryCache Memory
Cache Memory …a place in memory where data can be stored for quickaccess.
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Ch Review 19
Read-only Read-only MemoryMemory
Read-only memory (ROM) …
designed to hold permanently stored programs installed bythe computer manufacturer.
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Ch Review 20
Read-only Read-only MemoryMemory
ROM …is sometimes called
Firmware.
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Ch Review 21
Adapter CardsAdapter Cards
Adapter Cards …printed circuit boards installed in the computer toallow installation and use ofperipheral devices.
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Ch Review 22
ControllersControllers
Controller …determines number and
kinds of devices that can beattached to a computer.
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Ch Review 23
Input/Output Input/Output Adapter CardsAdapter Cards
Input/Output (I/O) …the process of data and program instructions going
inand out of the CPU.
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Ch Review 24
Input/Output Input/Output Adapter CardsAdapter Cards
Input/Output Adapter Cards …enables communication
with devices.
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Ch Review 25
Input/Output Input/Output Adapter CardsAdapter Cards
A typical I/O card has both a …
serial port (COM port) parallel port (LPT port)
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Ch Review 26
Input/Output Input/Output Adapter CardsAdapter Cards
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Ch Review 27
Peripherals:Peripherals:Input DevicesInput Devices
Input Devices …used to get data or
information into computer.
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Ch Review 28
Peripherals:Peripherals:Output DevicesOutput Devices
Output Devices …used to view data or
information that is in the
computer.
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Ch Review 29
Output Devices:Output Devices:MonitorsMonitors
The computer monitor is a common output device.
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Ch Review 30
Output Devices:Output Devices:MonitorsMonitors
Monitor resolution is measured by the number of pixels on the screen.
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Ch Review 31
Output Devices:Output Devices:MonitorsMonitors
There are two types of monitors available:
Interlaced Non-interlaced
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Ch Review 32
Output Devices:Output Devices:MonitorsMonitors
A video display adapter card (video card) controls the
monitor.
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Ch Review 33
Output Devices:Output Devices:PrintersPrinters
The printer is an output device that is used to produce a hard (paper)
copy.
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Ch Review 34
ModemsModems
Other output devices include …
phone modems cable modems
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Ch Review 35
ModemsModems
MOdulator/DEModulator (Modem) …
translates digital signals into analog signals that travelover phone or cable lines.
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Ch Review 36
DisksDisksandand
Disk DrivesDisk Drives
External (Secondary) storage media …
is needed in order to save information permanently.
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Ch Review 37
DisksDisksandand
Disk DrivesDisk Drives
Two types of common secondary storage media are:
Floppy disks Hard disks
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Ch Review 38
Capacity Measurement:Capacity Measurement:Bits and BytesBits and Bytes
A computer is made up of switches that are either in an “on” state or an “off” state.
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Ch Review 39
Capacity Measurement:Capacity Measurement:Bits and BytesBits and Bytes
Binary digit (BIT) …the smallest unit that a
computer can recognize.
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Ch Review 40
Capacity Measurement:Capacity Measurement:Bits and BytesBits and Bytes
Byte …a unit of measurement that
is comprised of eight bits.
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Ch Review 41
Capacity Measurement:Capacity Measurement:Bits and BytesBits and Bytes
Computer storage and memory are both
measured in bytes.
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Ch Review 42
Floppy DisksFloppy Disks
The two types of floppy disks are the …
3 - 1/2 inch disk 5 - 1/4 inch disk
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Ch Review 43
Floppy DisksFloppy Disks
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Ch Review 44
CD-ROMsCD-ROMs
Compact disc (CD) …a common transport and
storage device for software.
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Ch Review 45
CD-ROMsCD-ROMs
DVD is an enhancement of CD-ROM technology.
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Ch Review 46
Removable DisksRemovable Disks
The removable disk is another type of external
storage media.
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Ch Review 47
Hard DisksHard Disks
The hard disk … is a non-removable disk holds more info than a removable floppy disk
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Ch Review 48
Hard DisksHard Disks
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Ch Review 49
DividingDividingthethe
DiskDisk
Disks are divided into numbered tracks and
sectors.
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Ch Review 50
DividingDividingthethe
DiskDisk
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Ch Review 51
Disk DrivesDisk Drives
Disk drive …writes information to and
from a disk.
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Ch Review 52
Disk DrivesDisk Drives
Cluster …basic unit of disk storage.
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Ch Review 53
Disk DrivesDisk Drives
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Ch Review 54
Device NamesDevice Names
Device …a place for a computer to
send or receive information.
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Ch Review 55
Device NamesDevice Names
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Ch Review 56
SoftwareSoftware
Software is …the step-by-step instructions that tell the computer what todo.
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Ch Review 57
SoftwareSoftware
Two categories of software:
Application software System software
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Ch Review 58
SoftwareSoftwareSystem software is divided into three categories:
Operating systems System utility Programming language processor
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Ch Review 59
SoftwareSoftware
The OS supervises … the processing of application programs all computer input/output
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Ch Review 60
SoftwareSoftware
The term Operating System is generic.
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Ch Review 61
SoftwareSoftware
In Windows 95/98, “MS-DOS prompt” is the same as …
“command line” “command prompt”
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Ch Review 62
Operating SystemOperating SystemFundamentalsFundamentals
Operating system (OS) …is a program that is always
working.
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Ch Review 63
Operating SystemOperating SystemFundamentalsFundamentals
ROM-BIOS …provides the interface between the hardware and
theOS.
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Ch Review 64
Operating SystemOperating SystemFundamentalsFundamentals
The Boot Up Process:1. Runs a program in ROM-BIOS which does a self check.2. ROM-BIOS checks to see if disk drive is installed.3. Looks for boot record.4. When proper boot record found, reads record from disk into RAM.5. Turns control over to this program.
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Ch Review 65
Operating SystemOperating SystemFundamentalsFundamentals
Command processor …the program that the user communicates and interactswith.
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Ch Review 66
Operating SystemOperating SystemFundamentalsFundamentals
The OS utilizes two types of commands:
Internal External
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Ch Review 67
Operating SystemOperating SystemFundamentalsFundamentals
An executable program will have a file name with one of the three following file extensions …
.com .exe .bat
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Ch Review 68
NetworksNetworks
A network … is two or more computers connected together enables users to communicate and share resources
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Ch Review 69
NetworksNetworks
Two kinds of networks: LAN WAN
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Ch Review 70
NetworksNetworks