Ch 9, Sec 3Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal

Part B

1. Based on his reading of history, Teddy Roosevelt was convinced the U.S. needed what to be quite powerful?

• The Federal Government of the United States

2. What is a quotation from Teddy Roosevelt that illustrates his view that the U.S. needed a powerful Federal Government working on behalf of the people in general?• “A simple and poor society can exist as a democracy on

the basis of sheer individualism…but a rich and complex industrial society cannot so exist…”

3. What were trusts?• Organizations that held stock in many

companies

4. By 1900, about what percentage of the industries were controlled by trusts?• About 80%

5. What piece of federal legislation had failed to control the trusts?• The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890

6. What did President Teddy Roosevelt do relative to American trusts?• He brought suit (with limited success)against

different trusts, and in doing so, gained a reputation as something of a trustbuster.

7. What did the Elkins Act of 1903 do?• Regulated railroad pricing practices

8. What did the Hepburn Act of 1906 do?• Limited the distributing of free railroad passes,

a tool the railroad companies used to bribe those whose help the railroad companies needed

9. The 1906 Hepburn Act also did what?• Granted the Interstate Commerce Commission

the power to set maximum railroad rates

10. In the wake of reading Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle, President Teddy Roosevelt supported the passage of what law?• The Meat Inspection Act

11. What did the Meat Inspection Act of 1906 do?• Established rules for cleanliness in the

meatpacking industry

12. What did the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 do?• Halted the sale of contaminated foods• Required truthfulness in advertising in labeling in

foods and medicines

13. Prior to the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906, popular medicines (often for children) contained what types of substances?• Alcohol• Opium• Cocaine

14. By the late 1800s and early 1900s, what was rapidly disappearing in the United States?• Virgin wilderness

15. President Teddy Roosevelt made what environmental issue a great concern during his administration?• Wilderness conservation

16. In 1905, who did President Roosevelt name as head of the U.S. Forest Service?• Gifford Pinchot, a professional conservationist who

used his office to conserve large tracts of western lands from private use

17. What did the National Reclamation Act of 1902 do?• Used money from the sale of public lands for the use

of federal irrigation projects in the West

18. Did President Teddy Roosevelt embrace full civil rights and equality for African-Americans?• No

19. But…in a symbolic gesture that brought him both praise and criticism, with whom did President Roosevelt host for dinner at the White House?• Booker T. Washington, the African-American

head of the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama

20. African-American Civil Rights activist, W.E.B. DuBois demanded what?• Immediate social and economic equality for Black

Americans

21. In 1909, W.E.B. DuBois and others founded what Civil Rights organization, an organization that exists to this day?• The National Association for the Advancement of

Colored People (The NAACP)