Ch 9 Review
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Transcript of Ch 9 Review
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Ch 9 ReviewLearning
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This is happening when you respond to a second stimulus that is similar to a conditioned stimulus without
additional training
Generalization
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This produces a predictable response without previous training
Unconditioned Stimulus
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This occurs naturally and predictably without training
Unconditioned Response
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A stimulus that has nothing to do with the response before training has
started
Neutral stimulus
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The ability to respond differently to different stimuli
Discrimination
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A neutral event leads to this after training
Conditioned Response
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Psychologist who “discovered” classical conditioning by accident
while researching digestion in dogs
Ivan Pavlov
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This is the loss of a conditioned response when the conditioned
stimulus is removed
Extinction
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A type of behavior modification in which an old response attaches to a
new stimulus
Classical conditioning
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When a person’s behavior causes the unpleasant event to stop, this is
known as what type of conditioning
Escape conditioning
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What is the term for a stimulus or event that is likely to increase a
behavior
Reinforcement
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A schedule that provides reinforcement after a random
number of responses
Variable ratio
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Reponses that occur in sequence are known as what?
Response chain
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This type of schedule provides reinforcement after a specific
amount of time
Fixed interval
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This type of reinforcer satisfies a biological need
Primary reinforcer
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This is when the removal of unpleasant consequences increases
the frequency of a behavior
Negative reinforcement
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The type of learning that results from unpleasant consequences
Punishment or aversive control
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Famous psychologist who worked to examine learnable fears with a subject known as Little Albert
John B. Watson
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In this type of conditioning the person’s behavior prevents an unpleasant experience from
happening
Avoidance Conditioning
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What type of behavior modification is based on learning from the consequences of behavior?
Operant Conditioning
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What time of reinforcement schedule is based on random amounts of
time?
Variable interval
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What is the term for reinforcement that rewards for responses that are
closer and closer to the desired response?
Shaping
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Who is the psychologist known for his research teaching rats to resp0nd in
order to receive food?
B. F. Skinner
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What psychologist was known for his experiment with Bobo the Clown?
Albert Bandura
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John B. Watson is associated with what type of behavior modification (classical, operant or social
learning)?
Classical conditioning
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Albert Bandura is associated with what type of behavior modification (classical, operant or social
learning)?
Social learning
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B. F. Skinner is associated with what type of behavior modification (classical, operant or social
learning)?
Operant conditioning
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A mental picture of a place
Cognitive map
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What focuses on how information is obtained, process, and organized?
Cognitive Learning
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What is the system for providing tangible rewards for desired
behaviors?
Token economy
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What results in a lowered sense of self-esteem and a lack of effort?
Learned helplessness
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What is the term for learning that occurs without a reinforcer?
Latent learning
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What type of learning happens through observation and imitation?
Modeling
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What is the term for learning principles applied systematically to
change people’s actions and feelings?
Behavior modification
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What is learning that involves how people make decisions and act upon
the available information?
Social learning