ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY Industry – ch. 11 and Development Ch. 9 Industry – ch. 11 and Development Ch. 9.
Ch. 9 Learning
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Transcript of Ch. 9 Learning
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CH. 9 LEARNINGReview PPTPut the PPT in Presentation mode to see the question and then click for the answer
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• A relatively permanent change in behavior that results from experience is the process of
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Learning
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• B.F. Skinner has been the most influential in the development of
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Operant Conditioning
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• Which of the following is a primary reinforcer?• Food, money, attention, or approval
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food
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• B. F. Skinner suggests that people develop superstitions because they have been
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Reinforced to believe them
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• Always wearing a lucky shirt on a date is an example of what kind of behavior
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Superstitious
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• A certain amount of time must elapse between the last reinforced response and the next that will be reinforced
• What is the schedule called?
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Fixed-Interval
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• A technique that teaches complex behaviors by first reinforcing small steps toward the behavior goals is
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Shaping
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• True or false Operant condition is involuntary
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False
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• True or False In operant conditioning, the animal’s behavior is active
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True
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• Involuntary behavior would probably be BEST modified by this type of conditioning
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Classical
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• Which one of the following is an example of secondary reinforcement?
• Air, food, money, water
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Money
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• Any consequence that causes repetition of the behavior that brought it about is defined as a
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Consequence
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• Which kind of schedule are Las Vegas slot machines programmed to deliver reinforcment?
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Variable-ratio
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• A learned reaction to a previously neutral stimulus is called a
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Conditioned response
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• In classical conditioning, if the conditioned stimulus does not result in a conditioned response then what has occurred?
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Extinction
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• The law of effect was originated by
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• Edward Thorndike
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• If a stimulus is observed to increase the probability of recurrence of a behavior it follows, this kind of reinforcement is being used
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Positive
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• In operant conditioning, the reward follows the
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Behavior
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• Man most associated with classical conditioning
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Ivan Pavlov
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• What occurs when a pigeon that has been trained to peck at a circle also pecks at an oval
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• generalization
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• What person is most associated with Observational Learning?
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Albert Bandura
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• A person’s mouth watering at the thought of a meal is an
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Unconditioned response
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• Reinforcement of a behavior each time the behavior occurs is what type of reinforcement
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continuous
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• An unpleasant consequence that decreases the frequency of the response that was produced it is called
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Punishment
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• Individuals who believe that no matter what they do their actions make no difference are exhibiting
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Learned helplessness
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