Ch. 8

Reforming American Society

1820-1850

To understand the various social and labor reform movements that swept the nation during the 1st half

of the 19th century

8:1 Religion sparks Reform

• 1. Second Great Awakening

• 2. Revival

• 3. Ralph Waldo Emerson

• 4. Transcendentalism

• 5. Henry David Thoreau

• 6. Civil Disobedience

• 7. Unitarians• 8. Utopian Communities• 9. Dorthea Dix• 10. Efforts made to reform education (1830’s)• 11. Some opposed paying tax for public school

ed.• 12. Horace Mann-(Massachusetts) leader in

public school reform movement• “If we do not prepare children to be good citizens. If we

do not enrich their minds with knowledge, our republic must go down to destruction as others have gone before.”

Summary

• Describe the reforms demanded

in schools, mental hospitals and

prisons.

8:1 Main Ideas

• 1. (241) How did the 2nd Great Awakening revolutionize the American religious tradition?

• 2. How did the African-American church support its followers?(242)

• 3. How did Unitarians’ approach to religious experience differ from the revivalists?(243)

• 4. How did the reformers change the treatment of the mentally ill and prisoners?(244)

8:2 Slavery & AbolitionObj: Identify some key abolitionists

• 1. Abolition

• 2. William Lloyd Garrison

• 3. emancipation

• 4. Frederick Douglas

• 5. Typical work experiences of

• rural southern states

• 6. Urban slaves

• 7. Differences between rural & urban slavery

• 8. Nat Turner/Rebellion

Frederick Douglass with his second wife Helen Pitts Dolass (sitting). The woman standing is her sister Eva Pitts. Scenes of Nat Turner's

rebellion in Virginia. Created in 1831.

• 9. Most Southerners responded to Nat Turner’s rebellion by wanting to defend slavery & control their slaves.

• Some did think they should free slaves to prevent revolts.

• 10. Antebellum• Antebellum is a Latin word meaning "before war" • (“ante” means before and “bellum” means war).

• 11. Gag Rule

Summary/Main Idea

• (252) How did Turner’s revolt harden southern white attitudes about basic liberties for blacks?

8:3 Women & ReformObj: Explain why women’s

opportunities were limited in the mid-1800’s

• 1. Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Lucretia Mott

• 2. Women’s roles in mid 1800’s

• 3. Main restrictions for women:

• 4. Temperance Movement-

• 5. Elizabeth Blackwell

• 6. Catherine Beecher ‘s survey on women’s health found…

• 7. Amelia Bloomer

• 8. Seneca Falls Convention

• Summary:

• Explain why women’s opportunities were limited in the mid-1800’s

8:4 The Changing WorkplaceObj: Describe conditions women employees endured in factories

• 1. Cottage Industry

• 2. Master (artisan)

• 3. Journeyman

• 4. Apprentice

• 5. Mill owners hired women/girls b/c…

• 6. Results of the Lowell strike:

• 7. Employers won most strikes b/c…

• 8. The great potato famine

• 9. Most immigrants avoided the south b/c slavery limited their economic opportunities.

• 10. The National trade union movement was important b/c…..

• Summary: What were some changes in the workplace?

• 8:4 Summary

Workplace changes

Chapter Summary

Impact of social reforms