• Long Bones- metacarples, metatarsals, phelangies, humerus, ulna, radius, tibia, fibula

• Short Bones- carpals, tarsals

• Flat Bones- rib, scapula, skull, sternum

• Irregular Bones- vertebrae, some facial bones

• Sesamoid- patella

Depression & Openings:• Fissure• Foramen• Fossa• Sulcus• Meatus

Processes:• Condyle• Facet• Head• Crest• Epicondyle• Line• Spinous process• Trochanter• Tubercle• Tuberocity

Bone MarkingsTwo types of bone markings:

– Projections (aka processes) that grow out from the bone

– Depressions (cavities) that indent the bone

Joint Projections1) Condyle: Rounded articular projection

Condyle

Joint Projections2) Head: bony

expansion on a narrow neck

3) Facet: smooth, nearly flat articular surface

Joint Projections4) Ramus: Armlike bar of bone

Ligament/Tendon Projections

1) Crest: Narrow ridge of bone (Line: smaller than a crest)

2) Epicondyle: Raised area on or above a condyle

ULNA

3) Tubercle: Small rounded projection

4) Tuberosity: large rounded or roughened projection

5) Trochanter: very large, blunt projection

(only on femur)

Proximal Tibia

6) Spine: Sharp, pointed projection

Thoracic Vertebrae

DEPRESSIONS• Allow blood vessels or nerves to pass

through.

1) Meatus: (me - A- tus) Canal or tube

Depressions2) Fossa: shallow basin

3) Fissure: narrow, slit-like opening

Depressions

4) Sinus: Cavity within a bone; filled with air and lined with mucous membranes

5) Foramen: Round or oval opening

Foramen Magnum

Depressions6) Sulcus, Groove or Furrow: a shallow

depression

CraniumFacial Bones

Anterior View

CraniumFacial Bones

Lateral View

Posterior View

Inferior View

• Warm and moisten air• Lighten the skull• Enhance voice resonance

Frontal Sinus

Ethmoid SinusSphenoid Sinus

Maxillary Sinus

The Vertebral Column

Cervical Vertebrae (7)

Thoracic Vertebrae (12)

Lumbar Vertberae (5)

Sacrum

Coccyx

Cervical Vertebrae

Cervical Vertebrae

Thoracic vertebrae

The Thoracic Cage

SternumTrue

Ribs (7)

False

Ribs (3)

Floating

Ribs (2)

Ribs & Vertebrae

Sacrum & Coccyx

Bones of the Pectoral Girdle

Bones of the Pectoral Girdle

HumerusUlna

RadiusCarpals

MetacarpalsPhalanges

The Upper Limb (Forelimb)

Some Lovers Try PositionsLunateIn the moonlight

TriquetrumThe third T Bone

PisiformPea-shaped

That They Can't Handle

Trapezium:“It’s by the thumb”

Trapezoid“Is by its side”

Capitate

HamateA hamboneWith a hook

ScaphoidA boat

Right Palm

Pelvis

Ischium

Ilium

Acetabulum

PubisIschium

Obturator foramen

Pelvis (lateral view)

Male Pelvic Girdle

                                         

       Female Pelvic Girdle

FemurPatellaTibiaFibula

TarsalsMetatarsalsPhalanges

The Lower Limb (Legs)

metatarsals

phelangies

tarsals

metatarsals

phelangies

tarsals

Mnemonic for Learning Tarsal Bones:

Medialcuneiform (1)

Intermediatecuneiform (2)

Lateralcuneiform (3)

NavicularA boatIt sails on the Cs

Talus

Cuboid

Tiger Cubs Need M I L C

Calcaneus

Kyphosis Lordosis

Scoliosis

1. What is the difference between the appendicular and axial skeleton?

2. What is a fontanel?

3. Weight bearing vertebrae are called?

4. Which vertebrae has transverse foramen?

5. What bones make up the orbit of the eye?

6. Which bones are the keystone to the facial bones and keystone to the cranial bones?

7. Where on the clavicle is the weakest spot and most likely to be broken?

8. List 3 functions of sinuses.

INQUIRY