Ch 4 Study Session

Appositives vs. Subject Complements

• Remember, both rename the subject• An appositive is on the subject side of the verb– Usually identified because of the commas

• A subject complement is on the other side of the verb– Separated by a linking verb

Appositives vs. Subject Complements

• Jason, my best friend from high school, is coming to visit.

Appositives vs. Subject Complements

• Jason, my best friend from high school, is coming to visit.– Nouns?

Appositives vs. Subject Complements

• Jason, my best friend from high school, is coming to visit.– Nouns?• Jason?

– Subject

Appositives vs. Subject Complements

• Jason, my best friend from high school, is coming to visit.– Nouns?• Jason?

– Subject• friend?

Appositives vs. Subject Complements

• Jason, my best friend from high school, is coming to visit.– Nouns?• Jason?

– Subject• friend?

– Appositive! Jason = friend, and it’s separated by commas AND it’s on the subject side of the verb!!

Appositives vs. Subject Complements

• Jason, my best friend from high school, is coming to visit.– Nouns?• Jason?

– Subject• friend?

– Appositive! Jason = friend, and it’s separated by commas AND it’s on the subject side of the verb!!

• school?

Appositives vs. Subject Complements

• Jason, my best friend from high school, is coming to visit.– Nouns?• Jason?

– Subject• friend?

– Appositive! Jason = friend, and it’s separated by commas AND it’s on the subject side of the verb!!

• school?– Object of preposition. “from” is a preposition, the whole

phrase is “from high school” and so “school” is the object!

Appositives vs. Subject Complements

• Jason is my best friend from high school, and is coming to visit.– Subject?

Appositives vs. Subject Complements

• Jason is my best friend from high school, and is coming to visit.– Subject?• Still ‘Jason’.

– But NOW, what is ‘friend’?!?• Jason = friend, BUT…• friend is on the opposite side of the linking verb (‘is’),

so ‘friend’ is now a…• SUBJECT COMPLEMENT!!!

Direct Objects vs. Indirect Objects vs. Objects of Prepositions

• Remember that MOST of the time, the indirect object will be a name/person!!

Direct Objects vs. Indirect Objects vs. Objects of Prepositions

• I made Sue cookies.

Direct Objects vs. Indirect Objects vs. Objects of Prepositions

• I made Sue cookies.– Subject?

Direct Objects vs. Indirect Objects vs. Objects of Prepositions

• I made Sue cookies.– Subject?• I

Direct Objects vs. Indirect Objects vs. Objects of Prepositions

• I made Sue cookies.– Subject?• I

– Verb?

Direct Objects vs. Indirect Objects vs. Objects of Prepositions

• I made Sue cookies.– Subject?• I

– Verb?• made

Direct Objects vs. Indirect Objects vs. Objects of Prepositions

• I made Sue cookies.– Subject?• I

– Verb?• made

– I made what?

Direct Objects vs. Indirect Objects vs. Objects of Prepositions

• I made Sue cookies.– Subject?• I

– Verb?• made

– I made what?• cookies, direct object

Direct Objects vs. Indirect Objects vs. Objects of Prepositions

• I made Sue cookies.– Subject?• I

– Verb?• made

– I made what?• cookies, direct object

– And for WHOM did I make the cookies?

Direct Objects vs. Indirect Objects vs. Objects of Prepositions

• I made Sue cookies.– Subject?• I

– Verb?• made

– I made what?• cookies, direct object

– And for WHOM did I make the cookies?• Sue, indirect object

Direct Objects vs. Indirect Objects vs. Objects of Prepositions

• I made cookies for Sue.

Direct Objects vs. Indirect Objects vs. Objects of Prepositions

• I made cookies for Sue.– Subject?

Direct Objects vs. Indirect Objects vs. Objects of Prepositions

• I made cookies for Sue.– Subject?• I

Direct Objects vs. Indirect Objects vs. Objects of Prepositions

• I made cookies for Sue.– Subject?• I

– Verb?

Direct Objects vs. Indirect Objects vs. Objects of Prepositions

• I made cookies for Sue.– Subject?• I

– Verb?• made

Direct Objects vs. Indirect Objects vs. Objects of Prepositions

• I made cookies for Sue.– Subject?• I

– Verb?• made

– I made what?

Direct Objects vs. Indirect Objects vs. Objects of Prepositions

• I made cookies for Sue.– Subject?• I

– Verb?• made

– I made what?• cookies, direct object

Direct Objects vs. Indirect Objects vs. Objects of Prepositions

• I made cookies for Sue.– Subject?• I

– Verb?• made

– I made what?• cookies, direct object

– Now…the remainder of the sentence is a PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE!!

Direct Objects vs. Indirect Objects vs. Objects of Prepositions

• I made cookies for Sue.– Subject?

• I– Verb?

• made– I made what?

• cookies, direct object– Now…the remainder of the sentence is a

PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE!!– It starts with ‘for’, and ‘Sue’ is the…

Direct Objects vs. Indirect Objects vs. Objects of Prepositions

• I made cookies for Sue.– Subject?

• I– Verb?

• made– I made what?

• cookies, direct object– Now…the remainder of the sentence is a PREPOSITIONAL

PHRASE!!– It starts with ‘for’, and ‘Sue’ is the…– OBJECT OF THE PREPOSITION!!!