Elements of Elements of CultureCulture

Chapter 4, Section 1Chapter 4, Section 1

CultureCulture – total knowledge, attitudes and – total knowledge, attitudes and behaviors shared and passed on by the behaviors shared and passed on by the members of a specific groupmembers of a specific group

SocietySociety – group that shares a geographic – group that shares a geographic region, and sense of identity and a cultureregion, and sense of identity and a culture

Ethnic groupEthnic group – specific group that shares – specific group that shares a language customs and heritagea language customs and heritage

- distinct from other groups in their - distinct from other groups in their regionregion

Factors that influence Factors that influence cultureculture

Food and Food and sheltershelter

ReligionReligion Relationships Relationships

to family and to family and othersothers

languagelanguage

EducationEducationSecurity/ Security/

protectionprotectionPolitical and social Political and social

organizationorganizationCreative Creative

expressionexpression

Culture Change and Culture Change and ExchangeExchange

Innovation = InventionInnovation = InventionMaking something new Making something new to fit a needto fit a need

Can happen on purpose Can happen on purpose or by accidentor by accident

Culture Change and Culture Change and ExchangeExchange

Diffusion = spread of ideasDiffusion = spread of ideas Culture hearth – site of innovation Culture hearth – site of innovation

where ideas, materials and where ideas, materials and technology diffuse to other culturestechnology diffuse to other cultures

AcculturationAcculturation Can radically change societyCan radically change society Positive – vaccinations in poor Positive – vaccinations in poor

countriescountries Negative – conquered country Negative – conquered country

become slavesbecome slaves

Population DistributionPopulation Distribution Habitable lands – have suitable Habitable lands – have suitable

climate and vegetation for livingclimate and vegetation for living Heavily populated along rivers and coast Heavily populated along rivers and coast

lineslines Arable lands – land good for farmingArable lands – land good for farming MigrationMigration

Push – Pull factorsPush – Pull factors Centrifugal (Push) = cause people to Centrifugal (Push) = cause people to

leaveleave Centripetal (Pull) = draws people inCentripetal (Pull) = draws people in

LanguageLanguage

Establishes a groups’ identity and Establishes a groups’ identity and sense of unity among those who sense of unity among those who speak itspeak it

Can cause problems when more Can cause problems when more than one language is spoken than one language is spoken within a small areawithin a small area

LanguageLanguage

3000+ languages are spoken around 3000+ languages are spoken around the worldthe world

Similar languages are placed in Similar languages are placed in familiesfamilies

Dialects are different versions of a Dialects are different versions of a language in the same familylanguage in the same family Example: Language Family = EnglishExample: Language Family = English

Dialect = Southern v. NY Dialect = Southern v. NY accentaccent

ReligionReligion Greatly influences Greatly influences

peoples lifestylespeoples lifestyles Monotheistic – Monotheistic –

belief in one godbelief in one god Polytheistic – belief Polytheistic – belief

in many godsin many gods Animistic – belief in Animistic – belief in

divine forces of divine forces of naturenature

JudaismJudaism Oldest of SW Asian Oldest of SW Asian

religionsreligions Concentrated in Concentrated in

IsraelIsrael Established 3200 Established 3200

years agoyears ago MonotheisticMonotheistic Ethnic religion – faith Ethnic religion – faith

and culture tied and culture tied togethertogether

Torah – religious Torah – religious bookbook

ChristianityChristianity Started over 2,000 years ago, Started over 2,000 years ago,

based on the teachings of based on the teachings of JudaismJudaism

MonotheisticMonotheistic Based on teachings of Jesus Based on teachings of Jesus

Christ, recorded in the New Christ, recorded in the New Testament of the BibleTestament of the Bible

Largest religionLargest religion 3 major groups: Roman Catholic, 3 major groups: Roman Catholic,

Protestant, and Eastern OrthodoxProtestant, and Eastern Orthodox

IslamIslam Based on the Based on the

teachings of the teachings of the Prophet MuhammadProphet Muhammad

Followers known as Followers known as MuslimsMuslims

MonotheisticMonotheistic Close ties to Close ties to

Christianity and Christianity and JudaismJudaism

Qu’ran – holy bookQu’ran – holy book 2 divisions: Sunni 2 divisions: Sunni

and Shiiteand Shiite

HinduismHinduism Dates back 5,000 Dates back 5,000

yearsyears Ethnic religion Ethnic religion

concentrated in Indiaconcentrated in India Polytheistic – gods Polytheistic – gods

represent the represent the different aspects of different aspects of divine spirit, divine spirit, BrahmanBrahman

Caste system – levels Caste system – levels of fixed social classes of fixed social classes with specific rites with specific rites and dutiesand duties

BuddhismBuddhism Offshoot of Offshoot of

HinduismHinduism Started in 563 B.C. Started in 563 B.C.

in northern Indiain northern India Siddhartha Siddhartha

Gautama, a.k.a. the Gautama, a.k.a. the Buddha, rejected Buddha, rejected the caste system the caste system and promoted the and promoted the correct way to live correct way to live in order to reach in order to reach enlightenmentenlightenment

Spread through to Spread through to Southeast AsiaSoutheast Asia