CH 32: Section 2 –Text pp. 852 -54.

1. Who? Who was Mao Zedong?

Who was Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek)?

Leader of the Communists.

Leader of the Nationalists. Mao Zedong

Jiang Jieshi

2. When? When did the civil war in China resume?

When would the civil war end?

At end of World War II in 1945.

1949.

3. When? What advantages did Nationalist forces have?

What advantages did Communist forces have?

A large national army that had U.S. aid.

An army skilled in guerilla warfare that had the popular support.

See “China Under Mao Zedong” in Textbook,

p. 852

Nationalists

Jiang Jieshi

Southern China

United States

Goal = Defeat Communists

Public support =

weak

Communists

Mao Zedong

Northern China

Soviet Union

Goal = National

Liberation

Strong public support

Japan’s Invasion Suspends the Civil War

• 1931: invade Manchuria• 1937: all-out invasion of China

What is the effect of Japan’s invasion on the Civil War? [We will look at this in greater details tomorrow].

• Civil War stops when Nationalists and Communists join forces against Japan

Civil War in China• Mao Zedong• South-Central China• Peasants• Guerilla Tactics

Communist Party

• Jiang Jieshi• Nationalist Republic of

China• Bankers, Businesspeople

Nationalists

Mao’s Reforms

Agriculture Divide land among peasants

Communes & Collective Farms

IndustryNationalize

private companies

High production goals

(5 Yr. Plans)

Family Support women workers

Childcare is sponsored

Mao’s Version of Communism?

• Lenin – got support from the workers in the cities

• Mao – support of the rural peasants in China

Peasants Align Themselves with Communists

• Jiang’s government: promises democracy…but very corrupt– Does not improve life of peasants– Turns out to be a dictator

• Peasants turn to Communist Party

Civil War in China

• U.S. supports Nationalists -- $2 billion in aid; army outnumbers Communists 3:1

• Communists, however – public support & guerilla tactics

What are Guerilla Tactics?

• Retreat when enemy advances• Harass when enemy encamps• Attack when enemy hesitates• Pursue when enemy retreats

“In 1949, Mao Zedong and his Communists had gained control of the country. He proclaimed it to be the new People’s Republic of China. Jiang and other Nationalist leaders retreated to the island of Taiwan and proclaimed themselves to be Nationalist China.”

CH 32: Section 2 –Text pp. 852 -54.

4. Where? Where is Nationalist China located?

Where is the People’s Republic of China located?

On the island of Taiwan.

On mainland China.

5. How? How did the superpowers react to the existence of two Chinas?

The U.S. helped Nationalists set up a democratic government and enlarged America’s sphere of influence in Asia. The Soviets provided Communist China financial, military, and technical aid.

T.

“Many in the United States viewed the Communist takeover of China as proof of a Communist campaign to conquer the world.

Such Americans also believed this further justified the official U. S. policy of containment.”

CH 32: Section 2 –Text pp. 852-54.

5. How? How did the superpowers react to the existence of two Chinas?

How did Mao transform the economy of China?

- The U.S. helped Nationalists set up a democratic government and enlarged America’s sphere of influence in Asia. -The Soviets provided Communist China with financial, military, and technical aid.

Mao transformed China’s economy by giving land to peasants, and then copied Stalin’s policies in the USSR - forming collective farms and nationalizing all the industries.

“The Communists claimed to have a new ‘Mandate from Heaven’ and aimed to restore China to a powerful nation of 550 million people.”

CH 32: Section 2 –Text pp. 852 -54.

6. Why? Why did Mao’s “Great Leap Forward” program fail?

Why did Mao launch the Cultural Revolution?

Poor planning, inefficient industries, lack of work incentive,crop failures and famine.

Hoping to revive the Marxist revolution he had begun.

B. To extend the economic success of the five-year plan to agriculture as well, Marx created large communes where the Chinese peasants lived in strictly controlled communities. In response to Mao’s call to revive the Marxist revolution (which dreamed of a society where peasants and workers were equal and intellectuals were considered dangerous) Chinese students formed militia units called Red Guards who targeted and reported on citizens they considered “dangerous” to the Communist ideology.

Reasons for the Communists’ Success

• Mao won support of peasants• Mao won support of women• Mao’s army used guerilla war tactics• Many saw Nationalist government as corrupt• Many felt that the Nationalists allowed

foreigners to dominate China

October 1949: Nationalists flee to Taiwan

Barebones Civil WarNationalists

overthrow Qing Dynasty

Nationalists can’t secure national

unity

May 4th Movement after

WWI

West doesn’t help Nationalist Party

China turns to USSR; Communist

Party grows

Nationalists and Communists clash

Long March U.S. joins Nationalists Communists win

How did this radical China become an ally of the United States?

• Under Deng Xiaoping, China began opening up its door again in the 1970s (in terms of economic trade & travel)

• Modernizing China – agriculture, industry, defense, and science / technology

• Eliminate many of Mao’s reforms (communes, etc.)

• China is still Communist

• U.S. doesn’t approve of Communist regime in China…but open to them economically [benefit from China’s cheap stuff – as a result, the U.S. rarely produces much].

• 2000: U.S. voted to normalize trade with China…best way to prompt change is through greater engagement

• Today…Google issues in China [China greatly limits the civil liberties of its citizens – monitors/spies on them, especially while on the Internet.

How did this radical China become an ally of the United States?

China Today

• Economy forecasted to be bigger than U.S. economy by 2016 – wow, think about that for a moment.

• China still has planned economy [that means the gov’t controls the economy for the most part]…but keeps opening up to further western influence

• Human rights discussion in China

One-Child Policy: (If you have time – watch on Netflix) National Geographic: China's Lost Girls

• Introduced in 1978, implemented 1979– Today, China has the largest populous in the world (well over 1.4 BILLION people – wow!!!) see:

http://countrymeters.info/en/China/– China’s population is 2nd by that of India: well over 1.2 BILLION people . In all seriousness, as per

various data, Asia has the largest population in the world, by far.

– US population stands at a little over 318 million people • Family permitted to have one child• Policy has developed –

– Fines for extra children, plus have to pay for education and health care– Multiple births ARE allowed

• Implications:– Male: Female = 117:100 (vs. average of 103:100)– Growth of Infanticide, forced abortions, abandoning children, rape, sex trafficking, homosexuality, etc

• Not implemented the same throughout China – some districts = more strict than others• March 2011 – reconsidered, discuss possibility of 2 child policy?

• Moving forward, students are asked to write down their thoughts on paper in connection to the listed video: – As an American citizen/resident, what was going through your

mind as you viewed the listed video? – In terms of outsourcing (and well beyond), if at all, how might

the information in the ABC World News (with Diane Sawyer) video impact your future as a consumer and producer/worker?

========================– If you desire further information, students are asked to check

out ABC World News “Made in America” – it’s a great series focused on the state of the American economy [its consumers and workers] as it competes with the rest of the world. You can locate the videos at: abcnews.go.com or on Youtube. They are very educational and would definitely recommend them to you, the future prospects of our nation.

• Based on HW #53, students are asked to write down what they know about Taiwan.– What role does Taiwan play in terms of the world’s

economy & politics/policies?

Taiwan is a small Island off the eastern cost of Asia in the western Pacific

The capital Taipei, is located on the northern end of the island

22

Economic Reconstruction

Consumer Goods

Industry

Rapid Growth of Light Industry

Capital & Technology Intensive Industries

High-Tech Industries

Industrial Restructuring

1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s1950s1940s

Industrial Development of TaiwanPast, Now and Future

A very small country (approx. size of Maryland) but a giant in termsof technological innovations & economy.- As highly skilled/educated people, they will competewith you for future jobs.

Knowledge Industries

2000s 2010s

Throughout the postwar WW II era, how many “Chinas” were there?

• 1? • 2? • 3?

– How many?

• Mainland China – The Republic of China (the one most people know of).

• Hong Kong – held by the British after the Opium

Wars, until 1997. • Taiwan (Taipei – capital) – thinks of itself as an

“independent” country (noticed I placed in quotation marks for this is a VERY controversial topic till this very day) – reference the Do Now/cartoon.

Free Tibet!!! (Good morning, Kunchok – lol).

All must know about the following:

1. The Great Leap Forward2. Red Guards3. Deng Xiaoping4. Mao Zedong 5. Tiananmen Square Massacre 6. The Four Modernizations7. The Cultural Revolution8. The causes and impacts of Communism in China