Ch. 3 Study Guide Minerals

1. Describe minerals: –Rocks are made of minerals. Minerals

are not made of rocks.

2. What are the important factors in the formation of minerals?

–Heat, volcanic activity, ground water

3. On Mohs' hardness scale, what minerals are harder than quartz?–Topaz, corundum, diamond.

4. A mineral's streak is more reliable than a mineral’s ___________ when identifying a mineral. –Color

5. Halite is a(n) _________________ of sodium and chlorine–Compound

6. The two most common elements in the Earth's crust are _______________.–Silicon and oxygen

7. ______________ minerals make up less than ten percent of the Earth's crust.–Non-silicate

8. When quartz breaks it forms a curved pattern called _________. –Conchoidal Fracture

9. ____________ minerals are the most common silicate mineral group in the Earth's crust.–Feldspar

10. ___________ minerals contain the elements silicon and oxygen along with aluminum, potassium, sodium, and calcium.–Silicates

11. NaCl is the chemical formula for which of which mineral?–Halite

12. List the types of surface mines.–Open pit, strip mine, quarry

13. Gold, silver, and copper are all examples of _________________. –Native elements

14. Non-silicate minerals do not contain combinations of __________ and __________. –Silicon and Oxygen

15 .What terms can be used to describe the nonmetallic luster of a mineral?–Resinous, waxy, vitreous

16. Minerals that contain combinations of carbon and oxygen in their chemical structure are called __________. –Carbonates

17. ________________ are compounds that form when an element, such as aluminum or iron, combines chemically with oxygen.–Oxides

18. _______________ are compounds that form when atoms of the elements fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), iodine (I), or bromine (Br) combine with sodium (Na), potassium (K), or calcium (Ca).–Halides

19. List the types of deep mines.–Shaft, slope, drift

20. If the atoms of a substance are arranged in a specific, repetitive pattern, the substance is _______________. –Crystalline

21. Some minerals have special properties that help us to identify them. What are some of these special properties?– Magnetism, taste, radioactivity,

fluorescence.