CH 233 77 ...e-book.ram.edu/e-book/c/CH233/ch233-4.pdfY = 2.7 (+0.28)x50.0 (+O.l) = 3.191 42.3...
45
CH 233 77
Transcript of CH 233 77 ...e-book.ram.edu/e-book/c/CH233/ch233-4.pdfY = 2.7 (+0.28)x50.0 (+O.l) = 3.191 42.3...
CH 233 77
CH 233 79
80 CH 233
n’bo 0.0 1=?r -x100
20.05
= 0.05 %
VITO 0.0 1+ __ x1000
= -20.05
= 0.5 ppt
unv? 4
1 2-
4.523 = 4.5
102.87 = 102.9
54.4528 z 54.5 i
1,543.Z = 1,543.2
236.8 = 236.8-
I,94 1 X458 1,941.9
104.8
0.3t
72.3
10.2
187.6 na’u
82 CH 233
R . U . 1109 1.52 = 0.01 x 100 =0.7 %
1.52
R . U . v0.1 3.2 = 0.1 x 100 =3 %
R . U . llOJ 100.5 = 0.1 x 100 =O.l %
100.5
&iae& 4.4 F)JHlWR~CUSIOJflalUfJla 4.5 x 25.827 x 32.45
CH 233 83
x
CH 233 85
R.U. “UDJ 4 . 5 1
45
R.U.. YOJ 25.827 = ,
25827
R.U. “1103 3 2 . 4 5 I3245
ams-h 1
45
t-wpms-dl9 1-x 3 7 7 1 . 3 8 7 6 = 8 3 . 8 0 . .45
41.27 0.414 = 40.86
0.5 135 + 0.0009 = 0.5144
~~WoPr~~Jn$w~~w-wlslevdarlld
(40.86) (0.052 1) (7.090) = 29 .3414
(0.5 144)
R.U. TIFN 40.86 = 0.01 = 1
40.86 4086
R.U. lla9 0.0521 = 0.0001 = 1
0.0521 521
8 6 CH 233
CH 233 8 7
16.03 0.113_
22.2. 47.39 0.47-
x = 47.39 = 15.80
3
2 = 0.47 = 0.16 n?u
= 0.16--x 1000
15.8088 CH 233
= 10 ppt
f?tb&JJLIJUU?@l7;7U (Standard deviatlon, S) ~181l9tl~lU~tlA~&Jlfl
Standard deviation of the mean= S(mean) = S
fi .’( 4 . 6 )
&I 9.990, 9.986, 9.973, 9.983, 9.9804.4 026?ll
5 d= Ix, - q (Xi - X)1
9.900 7.6 x 1O-3 57.8 x 1O-6
9.9X6 3.6 x lo-” 13.0 x 1o-6
9.973 9.4 x 1o-3 88.4 x 1O-6
9.983 0.6 x lo- 3 0.4 x ld6
9.980 2.4 x 1O-3 5.8 x 1O-6
CH 233 8 9
51 49.912
9.9824 =X 165.4 x 10m6
mnmnid (4.4)
s =
J
165.4 x IO-~
5- 1
ti (mean) = 0.48
E
= 0.24- x 1000 =8.1 ppt29,6
9 0 CH 233
g = fi
4- 1=0.69
= 0.69__ x 100029.6
=23 ppt
s (mean) = 0.69
J4
=0.34
= 0.34- x 1000 = il ppt (&Nbla’)29.6
CH 233 91
56.23 -
Q56.08 0.15
Cd = = -56.23 55.95 0.28
= 0.54i)inmai~~ 2.3
Qcrit(n= 5) = 0.64
Q ml < Quit
Qal =15.30 15.24
15.30 14.84
= 0.060.46
Qcrit(n= 5) = 0.64
Qcal < Quit
LLmWhil 15.30 &dlmWw7aiau
.100 CH 233
f&%116 (n7k.J) fii9^5.3 (nk) E (nfu) RE (ppt)J
10.545 10.544 0.001 0.094
0.105 0.104 0.001 9.6
102 CH 233
(y+Ay) = (ai-Aa)+(b+Ab)m(c+Ac)
mmi~ (4.14) - (4.13)
( 4 . 1 4 )
AY = Aa+Ak AC (4.15)
+ o.so(+o.o2)
+4.10(-0.03)
- 1.97(-0.05)
+ 2.63
AY = Aa+Ab- Ac
= 0.02 +(-0.03)- (-0.0s)
= +0.04
CH 233 103
(y+Ay) = (a+Aa) (b+Ab)
= ab+aAb+bAa+AaAb ( 4 . 1 7 )
(4.17) - (4.16)
AY = aAb+bAa+AaAb (4.18)
(4.18) + y WMlprcil y =ab
AY aAb + bAa + AaAh
Y a h a b ah
&,Ab ?~dCil~QUUl~LJQL~Ull~~Ci?~Pb “1
a b
Ay = Aa Ah . (4.19)- - + -
Y a b
fMoll%
Y a . (4.20)ii
Slfl (4.20)
Y+ AY = (a+Aa) . . . . (4.21)
(b+ Ab)
yb =a . . . . (4.22)
8ln (4.21)
yb+ bAy+ yAb+AyAb = a+ Aa A4.23)
(4.23)- (4.22)
bAy+yAb+Ayybb = Aa
CH 233
9 + b + AyAb Aa- =-Y b yb a
Ay Aa Ab AyAb** -=-_- _-Y a b yb
. Ay Aa AbI . -= - ._-Y a b . . _ . (4.24)
AY-7
Aa Ab AC
:+-----b c . . . . . (4.25)
= -0.0049 + 0.020 + 0.020
= 0 . 0 3 5
Ay = 0.035 x y
= 0 . 0 3 5 x. 0 . 0 1 0 4 0 6
= 0 . 0 0 0 4
Y = 0.0104 (+ 0.0004)
3 . nad~r~ulauunrila
y =a’
dy = xaX- ‘da
. ( 4 . 2 6 )
(4.27)
CH 233 105
(4.27) t (4.26)
dy = xaX- ’ da
Y ax
tws1z% a(x- 1) = 1
ax a
Ay = x Aa-Y a
4. “3ddldpadlbQ” (log)y =log a = 0.434 In a . (4.28)
106 CH 233
(4.31)
(4.32)
a b
y c (4.33)
CH 233 107
Y = 2.63 (‘-0.06)
Y z (4.1OkO.02) (0.0050’-0.0001) - 0 . 0 1 0 4 1 ’ I
(I .97~0.04)
-sy HiQ (Sy$ = ,i’---Y
[* g 12 + [ i 0.0001t
,oojo]~ + ,+ ‘:;A 1’r----- - -.
= J (i- o.oo4Y)2 + (! o.030)2 + (’ o.020)L
sY= i 0.029
= YX(SIJr
= 0.0104 x 0.029
= 0.0003
Y = O.O104(i 0 . 0 0 0 3 )
[14.3(+0.2)1- 11.6(‘0.2)]s50.0(+0.1,] = 3 . 1 9 1 * ?
42.3(*0.4)
.‘. Y = 2 . 7 (+0.28)x50.0 (+O.l) = 3 . 1 9 1
42.3 (fO.4)
1 0 8 CH 233
+o .I 0
sY = 0 .I 0 x 3 .l Yl = 0.3%
.. . ‘/ = 3 . 2 (KO.3)
y = ax . . . . . . . . ..(4.35)
3 =-xs, . . . . . . . . ..(4.36)
Y a
CH 233 1 0 9
= 0 . 0 6
s =" V x 0.06
= 523.6 x 0.06
= 31
V = 524(+31 ) ~
a) y =10g[2.00(+0.02)x1 o-) I = -2.6990 k?
b) a =antilog [I .200(*0.003)1= 15.849 +?
45Cl a =antilog[45.4 (20.3 1 I = 2 . 5 2 1 9 x 1 0 +?
a) mxfami~s, = 0 . 4 3 4 sa-
a
= f0.434xC.02xl Ll-
2 . 0 0 A 0 -3
= ko -0 0 4
logL2 -00 cm.02 )x1 o-3 ] = -2 .699O+U.004
b) S? = 0 . 4 3 4 sa-a
110 CH 233
s, = M .0069xa = 0.0069x1 5.849
= 0.11
antilog[1.200(+O.O03~ 1 = 15.8kO.l
C) sa = __TO.3 = 0.69-._a 0.434
s, = 0.69x2.5119x1 OG5 = 1 .7~10'~
antilog[45.4(+0.3) 1 = 2.5Cti .7 )x10G5
E = O-T
= 24.31 - 24.36
RE = -0.05 x 100 = -0.21 %2 4 . 3 6
= -0.2%
CH 233 111
a) 107.870 g) 0 -001 0
b) 1.0080 h) 100
cl 22,400 i.) 1 ,000.027
d) 96,500 j-) 1 .780x1 O5
e) 1 6 9 . 8 8 0 k) 1 .780~10-~
f) 1020.3 1) 6.023~10'~
4
m) 0.0607
n) 9966
o) 0.0003644
p) 0.008614
q) 684.5
r) 9004
2) (2.14) oJFilu?nru'ouRoiorzl~~"~~~~~~8~~~~~"~l~w
a) 2.50+0.0850+40.255+0.1254= ? @loll 42.97
b) 27.40+5.735+6.8164+0.565 = ? FlapI 40.52
c) 16.6+0.06018+7.015+0.14245 = ? aElll 2 3 . 8
d) 646+6.46+64.6+0.646 = ?
e) 40.3+0.150+1 -254-25.05 = ?
f) 1.439+0.3333+70.1-6.0 = ?
' g) 6.9897+321 .04+2.971+0.225 = ?
a)
b)
C)
d)
e)
2.50x0.1 254 = ?
40.255x0.0850
5.735x0.565 = ?
27.40x6.8164
1 6 . 6 x 0 . 0 6 0 1 8 = ?
7.015x0.14245
= ?
1 1 4
40.3x0.150 =
1 .254x25.050
CH 233
f) (I .35x104) (3.5xl o6 ) = T
(6.95~10~) (2.712x1 0' )
9) (2.24OA 0')(9.8~10'~ ) = ?
(6.023~1 Oz3 )(l .86d O-5 )
h) 6.488-6.012
1 . 2 5 0
i) 6.488x6.012 = ?
1 . 2 5 0
j) (80.68)(35.46-1.293)((1.076) = ?
(3.033-0.0456)
k) (0.0953)(79.97-35.46)
(I .8754)(119.02)
= ?
a) IrB, d) KIO, g) Y c4 b 06 j) NaBr
b) %O e) &PdCl, h) BaO, k) CaCQ
c) AgNO, f ) Pu, 03 i) PCL, 1) Au, s,
c) % SO+h.~30.44,30.30,30.60,30.37 filil?J = 30.60
CH 233 115
.
Ei& 4
d) % S d'?in" 5.067,5.050,5.094,5.082 fil%% = 5.083
e) % Cl w&!$22.21 ,22.38,22.25,22.43,22.37 fh:J = 22.41
f) % Ca U&y 40.14,39.86,40.02,39.92,40.35 fiwj9 = 39.86
g) % Mn ~~~~n"6.O50,6.048,6.068,6.O'i4,6.056 n'l%?J = 6.064
h) % S ~~~~rn" 15.1 5,l 5.00,1 5.27,1 5.21 ,15.30 fililjJ =15.25
1 398
2 396
3 398
4 392-
5 393
6 401
116 CH 233
CH 233 117
aall a) S= 0.061. 95% c.1. = 3.22+0.Ij
mm a) 95% c.l., N= ti
(1) determinate personal, (2) determinate instrumental
(3) determinate method (4) indeterminate person
118 CH 233
b ) y =0.0010(-0.0005)x18.10(+0.02)x200(+ 1 ) = 3.62
c ) y = 6 7 . 1 (+O.3)x1.O3(+O.O2)x1O-‘7 = 6.9113x10-I6
CH 233 119
d) y = 243(a) X 760(Y) = 103510.51.006(f0.006)
e) y ='l43(+6) - 64(?3)
1249Cfl )+77(*8)
f) y = 1 .97c+o.o1 )243(+3)
= 5.9578x1 o-z
= 8 .I 06996x1 O-3
g) y = [9.6('0.2)13 = 8 8 4 . 7 3 6
h) y = [l .U3(fO.O4)AO-'4 " = 4.6875~IO-~
i) y = C-l .02(*0.02 )xl O-71-[3.54(f0.2)x10-Bl = -1 .374x10-'
a) y =100.2(?rO.08)-99.62(+0.06)+0.20U(+0.01~4) = 0.780
b) y = [33.33(f0.03)1' = 37025.927
c) y = 1 .73(+o.o3,xIo" = 106.1349693
1.63(+0.04)d01'
d) y = [17.2(+0.6)1~ = 2.036489
e) y = log [1.73(fO.O3U)l = 0.238046
CH 233 121
