Ch. 23 Section IIICh. 23 Section III

A Creative EraA Creative Era

MusicMusic

• 19201920’’s s – Period of CreativityPeriod of Creativity

• Known as Jazz AgeKnown as Jazz Age– Originates with African American Musicians in SouthOriginates with African American Musicians in South– New Orleans is Center of Jazz MusicNew Orleans is Center of Jazz Music– Musicians Incorporated different Music StylesMusicians Incorporated different Music Styles

• West African Rhythms West African Rhythms

• African Spirituals African Spirituals

• RagtimeRagtime

• European HarmoniesEuropean Harmonies

• Jazz Emerges in part of New Orleans Jazz Emerges in part of New Orleans – Known as StoryvilleKnown as Storyville

• Style of Music Style of Music – Ragged or ImprovisedRagged or Improvised

MusicMusic

• Jazz Popularity Jazz Popularity – Encourages different Musicians to Incorporate itEncourages different Musicians to Incorporate it

• White Musicians White Musicians – Incorporating Jazz into MusicIncorporating Jazz into Music

• Composers & Pianist are using Jazz Rhythms in MusicComposers & Pianist are using Jazz Rhythms in Music

• George GershwinGeorge Gershwin– Rhapsody in Blue displayed Jazz in Symphonic FormRhapsody in Blue displayed Jazz in Symphonic Form– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1U40xBSz6Dc

• Big Band Music Introduces Jazz to a New AudienceBig Band Music Introduces Jazz to a New Audience– Music was Dance MusicMusic was Dance Music

• Clubs are Bringing in Famous Jazz Musicians…Clubs are Bringing in Famous Jazz Musicians…– Only Admitting White CustomersOnly Admitting White Customers

MusicMusic

• Musicians Experimenting Musicians Experimenting – Different Forms of MusicDifferent Forms of Music

• Known as the BluesKnown as the Blues– Grew out of Grew out of

• Slave Music Slave Music

• Religious SpiritualsReligious Spirituals– Songs Featured Songs Featured

• Heartfelt LyricsHeartfelt Lyrics

• Altered or Slurred NotesAltered or Slurred Notes

• Bessie SmithBessie Smith

• Brings Blues to Broader Audience Brings Blues to Broader Audience – Down Hearted BluesDown Hearted Blues– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=go6TiLIeVZA

Jazz MovementJazz Movement

• Great Migration: Great Migration: – African Americans Moving NorthAfrican Americans Moving North– Jazz Musicians doing the Same Jazz Musicians doing the Same – Moving to Big Cities: Moving to Big Cities:

• Chicago & New YorkChicago & New York

• Joseph Joseph ““KingKing”” Oliver: Oliver: – Was a Jazz Cornet PlayerWas a Jazz Cornet Player– Style of Play Style of Play ““Hot JazzHot Jazz””

• ImprovisationImprovisation– Blind in One EyeBlind in One Eye– Played while SittingPlayed while Sitting– Famous for using Famous for using

• Mutes/Devices to Alter SoundMutes/Devices to Alter Sound

Jazz MovementJazz Movement

Joseph “King” Oliver: (Cont.)Joseph “King” Oliver: (Cont.)–Started playing in New Orleans Started playing in New Orleans

• 19081908–1919 Moves to Chicago 1919 Moves to Chicago –1922 Starts King Oliver1922 Starts King Oliver’’s Creole Jazz Bands Creole Jazz Band–Sends Telegram to Louis Armstrong in 1922 Sends Telegram to Louis Armstrong in 1922

• Come to Chicago Join BandCome to Chicago Join Band

Jazz MovementJazz Movement

• Louis ArmstrongLouis Armstrong– Mentor was Joe Mentor was Joe ““KingKing”” Oliver Oliver– Called him Papa JoeCalled him Papa Joe– Learned to Play CornetLearned to Play Cornet

• Boys Reform SchoolBoys Reform School– Helps Shift Jazz Music Helps Shift Jazz Music

• Collective Improvisation to SoloCollective Improvisation to Solo– Has Distinctive Has Distinctive ““GravellyGravelly”” Voice Voice– Nickname was SatchmoNickname was Satchmo– Famous Songs: Famous Songs:

• What a Wonderful World What a Wonderful World

• When the Saints go Marching InWhen the Saints go Marching In

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wyLjbMBpGDAhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wyLjbMBpGDA

Jazz MovementJazz Movement• Harlem Renaissance (New Negro Movement)Harlem Renaissance (New Negro Movement)

– Harlem N. Y. Harlem N. Y. • Major Cultural Center of African AmericansMajor Cultural Center of African Americans

– African American CulturesAfrican American Cultures• Writing Writing • Musicians Musicians • ArtistsArtists

– Celebrated Celebrated • Black Dignity & CreativityBlack Dignity & Creativity

– Redefines Redefines • View of the African-American PopulationView of the African-American Population

• Theatre:Theatre:– Black Theatre Gains Critical Acclaim & PopularityBlack Theatre Gains Critical Acclaim & Popularity

• Paul RobesonPaul Robeson– Actor & Accomplished SingerActor & Accomplished Singer– 1924: First African American Actor with 1924: First African American Actor with

Leading Role Opposite a White ActressLeading Role Opposite a White Actress

Harlem RenaissanceHarlem Renaissance

• LiteratureLiterature– African American Novelists and Poets are producing work African American Novelists and Poets are producing work

describing Bitterness and Defiance but also Joy and Hope.describing Bitterness and Defiance but also Joy and Hope.– Harlem Poets celebrated their ethnic identity and Harlem Poets celebrated their ethnic identity and

acknowledged the struggles faced by African Americansacknowledged the struggles faced by African Americans

• Langston HughesLangston Hughes– Addressed Poems to African Am readersAddressed Poems to African Am readers– Focused on everyday experiences of AfricansFocused on everyday experiences of Africans– Used language and themes familiar to his readersUsed language and themes familiar to his readers– First published Poem was in The CrisisFirst published Poem was in The Crisis

Harlem RenaissanceHarlem Renaissance

• The Lost GenerationThe Lost Generation– Term used to describe a group of American writers rebelling Term used to describe a group of American writers rebelling

against what America had become in the 1900against what America had become in the 1900’’ss

• Ernest HemingwayErnest Hemingway– Was seriously wounded during the war on the Italian FrontWas seriously wounded during the war on the Italian Front– Expresses his anger at the uselessness of warExpresses his anger at the uselessness of war– 1929 Novel, A Farewell to Arms, he depicts the devastation of 1929 Novel, A Farewell to Arms, he depicts the devastation of

warwar

• F. Scott FitzgeraldF. Scott Fitzgerald– Wrote about the Jazz AgeWrote about the Jazz Age

• Sinclair LewisSinclair Lewis– Focused on the emptiness and conformity of middle-class lifeFocused on the emptiness and conformity of middle-class life

Harlem RenaissanceHarlem Renaissance

• Artists in the 1920Artists in the 1920’’s are showing the impact of growing s are showing the impact of growing cities and the increasing use of machinery on American Lifecities and the increasing use of machinery on American Life

• Photography is becoming an art in the 1900Photography is becoming an art in the 1900’’ss

• Alfred StieglitzAlfred Stieglitz– Helps popularize photographyHelps popularize photography– Photographed: People, airplanes, skyscrapers, and crowded Photographed: People, airplanes, skyscrapers, and crowded

streetsstreets

• MuralsMurals– Piece of artwork painted directly on the wall, ceiling, or other Piece of artwork painted directly on the wall, ceiling, or other

large permanent surfaceslarge permanent surfaces

Harlem RenaissanceHarlem Renaissance

• ArchitectureArchitecture

• Frank Lloyd Wright Frank Lloyd Wright – Develops the Develops the ““prairie styleprairie style”” of domestic architecture of domestic architecture– Used rectangular shapes and clean, horizontal linesUsed rectangular shapes and clean, horizontal lines

• New York City experiences a boom in skyscraper New York City experiences a boom in skyscraper construction during the 1920construction during the 1920’’ss

• Two landmarks:Two landmarks:– The Chrysler Building and Empire State BuildingThe Chrysler Building and Empire State Building