Ch 23 Notes

Remember Rosie the Riveter?

Feminism

• 1962 - Betty Friedan publishes “The Feminine Mystique” about dissatisfied housewives who have lost their identities within their families

Reverend Dr. Anna Pauli Murray NOW CO-Founder

• 1966 - Friedan and others form NOW (National Organization of Women) to bring women into full participation of mainstream American Society

Gloria Steinem

1972 - Gloria Steinem – Creates “Ms. Magazine to offer different viewpoints from those in typical “women’s magazines”

Phyllis Schafly vs. the Equal Rights Amendment

• ERA would provide equal rights for women

• Schafly (and others) argued that the law would cause women to lose their femininity, as well as lead to:– Same-sex bathrooms– End to alimony

payment– Compulsory military

servicePhyllis Schafly

Roe vs. Wade• 1973• Supreme Court

ruled that state laws preventing abortions within the first three months of the pregnancy violated women’s right to privacy

The case was INSTANTLY controversial, and remains so to this day.

Cesar Chavez• Born into Migrant labor

family, experiences their suffering firsthand

• 1962 Forms the United farm workers to gain better pay and working conditions for migrant farm workers.

Cesar Chavez

• Utilized non-violent protest and hunger strikes to gain media attention for his cause.

• 1975 California passes a law requiring collective bargaining between growers and union reps.

Native Americans

• Most conflicts stemmed from treaties broken by the United States

• Dennis Banks and George Mitchell form AIM to fight for treaty rights and increased opportunities for Native Americans

Dennis Banks

• AIM uses publicity stunts to gain attention for their cause, forcibly occupying:– 1969 – Alcatraz

1970 – The Mayflower II

1971 – Mt. Rushmore

1972 – Bureau of Indian Affairs in Washington DC

1973 – Wounded knee (2 activist were killed)

• Their efforts eventually result in:– 1972 The Indian

Education Act

– 1975 The Indian Self Determination and Education Assistance Act

The Silent Generation vs. the Baby Boomers

The “Silent Generation” of the 1950’s was criticized for seeking out comfort and conformity rather than seeking change and progress.

The “Baby Boomers” of the 1960’s were the complete opposite, emphasizing activism, individuality, and spontaneity.

• Examples of these “counter culture” ideals were the sexual revolution and the drug culture.

EnvironmentalismConservationists vs. Preservationists

1962 – Rachel Carlson writes “Silent Spring” about the long term effects of the pesticide DDT.

• The book has tremendous impact on the public, and DDT is Banned in 1970

• Stirs the public conscience about air and water pollution, oil spills, and toxic waste, among others.

1970 - Americans celebrate the first annual Earth Day

• 1970 – Nixon Create the Environmental Protection Agency

• 1970 – Congress passes the Clean Air Act

• 1972 – Congress passes the Clean Water Act