Ch-2 Software Concept QueAns

8/6/2019 Ch-2 Software Concept QueAns

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Chapter -2 Software Concepts

Type A:Very Short Answer QuestionsQ1. Differentiate between hardware and software.

Ans: Hardware represents the physical and tangible

components of the computer i.e, the components that can

be seen and touched. Input device, Output devices. CPU,

Floppy disk, Hard disk, etc. are examples of computer

hardware.

Software represents the set of programs that govern

the operation of a computer system and make the hardware

run.

Q2. How can computer software be classified?

Ans: The system software can be classified into twocategories:

(1) Operating System (2) Language Processor.

Q3. What are two categories of system software?

Ans: The system software can be classified into two

categories:

(1) Operating System (2) Language Processor.

Q4. What is an operating system? What is its role?


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Ans: An operating system is a program which acts as an

interface between a user and the hardware (computer

resources).

Q5. Name various types of operating systems.

Ans: The operating systems are of mainly following types:

(a) Single Program OS

(b) Multiprogram OS

(c) Time Sharing OS

(d) Real Time OS

(e) Multiprocessing OS

Q6. Name various language processors.

Ans: The various language processors are given below:

(a) Assembler

(b) Interpreter

(c) Compiler

Q7. What is application software? What are the three categoriesof application software?

Ans: An Application Software is the set of programs

necessary to carry out operations for a specified application.


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(e) Antivirus Software

Q9. Differentiate between a compiler and interpreter.

Ans: An Interpreter converts an HLL program into machine

language line by line and simultaneously executrs the

converted line. Also, an interpreter must always be present

in the memory along with the program for its execution. If an

error occurs in a line, the line is displayed and interpreter

does not proceed unless the error is rectified.

An Compiler converts an HLL program in machine language

in one go. If there are errors in the program, it given the

error list along with the line numbers. Once the error are

removed, error-free object code is made available and after

this compiler is no more needed in the memory.

Q10. What are developer tools? Name a few.

Ans: Tools used by programmers to develop a software for

any type of application, they need an array of developer

tools that help them accomplish their task.

Some most commonly used developer tools are:

(a) Compiler

(b) Interpreter

(c) Integrated Development Environment (IDE)


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Q11. What is an IDE?

IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is an application

program consisting of different development tools for

developing an application.

Q12. What is a virus? What is anti-virus software?

Ans: Computer virus are malicious code / programs that

cuase damage to data and files on a system.

Anti-Virus software not only remove virus and other infected

threats from our computer system but at the same time also

protect our systems from data loss, destruction and attack of

any external threats like virus, worm and Trojan.

Type B: Short Answer Questions

Q1. What is a system software? What role does it play in the

functioning of the computer?

Ans: The functions of all the physical components of a

computer system are guided by some instructions or

program collectively known as System Software. System

Software controls all internal activities inside a computer

system and between all attached components of a computer

system.


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It controls all possible activities inside the computer system

which can be summarized as follows:

Reads data and instructions through the input devices;

Translates all data and instruction into computer

understandable form and vice versa;

Controls all devices attached to the computer system;

Processes and generates the result on the output

devices;

Q2. How are following operating systems different from one

another?

a. Multiprogramming OS and Multiprocessing OS

Ans:

Multiprogramming OS Multiprocessing OSIt Supports Multiprogrammingi.e., more than one user canbe supported by it.

It supports more than oneprocessor (computer) as the

job have to be executed onmore than one processor.

More than one user programs

are loaded and active in themain store at the same time.

It should be capable of

loadsharing in case ofidentical processors so thatthe systems efficiencyimproves.

Active programs areexecuted using sometechniques one by one.

It should be able to controlthe main processor and inturn control the working of


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slave processor.

b. Time sharing OS and Real time OS

Time Sharing OS Real Time OS This OS uses time sharingtechniques.

Responds to input instantly.

Each Active user program isgiven a fair share of CPUtime, if the elapses or an I/Ooperation is requested.

Real-time operating systemsare commonly found andused in robotics, complexmultimedia and animation,communications and hasvarious military and

government uses.LYNX and Windows CE areexamples of real timeoperating systems.

Q3. Write short notes on the following:

a. Word Processor

Ans: Ref: pg 59

b. Electronic Spreadsheet

Ans: Ref Pg 60

c. Dbms

Ans: Ref Pg 61

d. Graphic, multimedia and presentation software


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Ans: Ref Pg 62

e. DTP software

Ans: Ref Pg. 61

Q4. Discuss the roles of utility software in the context of

computer performance.

Ans: After all the basic and necessary software like

Operating System and Device Drivers have been installed,

we also require some additional software to keep ourcomputer system efficient and trouble free. Generally these

software come bundled with the Operating System Software

but we can also use utility software provided by other

vendors. Few examples of utility software are as follows:

Compression Utility software

Backup Utility Software

Antivirus Protection and Detection Software

Disk De-fragmentation Utility Software

Text Editor


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Q5. Why is disk fragmentor useful?

Ans: It speeds up disk access by rearranging the files and

free space on your computer, so that files are stored incontiguous units and free space is consolidated in one

contiguous block.

Q6. How is backup utility useful? Is it necessary to take backup

of data?

Ans: In Information Technology, a backup or the process

of backing up refers to making copies ofdata so that these

additional copies may be used to restore the original after

a data loss event.

Backups have two distinct purposes. (1) The primarypurpose is to recover data as a reaction to data loss, be it by

data deletion or corrupted data. Data loss is a very common

experience of computer users. 67% of internet users have

suffered serious data loss. (2) The secondary purpose of

backups is to recover data from a historical period of time
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_losshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_corruptionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backup#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_losshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_corruptionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backup#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_Technology


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within the constraints of a user-defined data retention policy,

typically configured within a backup application for how long

copies of data are required.

Q7. What is a computer virus? How can it affect your computer?

Ans: A computer virus is a computer program that can copy

itself and infect a computer. The term "virus" is also

commonly but erroneously used to refer to other types

ofmalware, including but not limited

to adware and spyware programs that do not have thereproductive ability. A true virus can spread from one

computer to another (in some form of executable code)

when its host is taken to the target computer; for instance

because a user sent it over a network or the Internet, or

carried it on a removable medium such as a floppy

disk, CD, DVD, or USB drive.

Viruses can increase their chances of spreading to other

computers by infecting files on a network file system or a file

system that is accessed by another computer.

Q8. Why are antivirus software considered important?

Ans: Antivirus or anti-virus software is used to prevent,

detect, and remove malware, including but not limited

to computer viruses, computer worm,Trojan

horses, spyware and adware.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_retentionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spywarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floppy_diskhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floppy_diskhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compact_Dischttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_flash_drivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_file_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_wormhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_horse_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_horse_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spywarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_retentionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spywarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floppy_diskhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floppy_diskhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compact_Dischttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_flash_drivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_file_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_wormhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_horse_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_horse_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spywarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adware


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A variety of strategies are typically employed. Signature-

based detection involves searching for known patterns of

data within executable code. However, it is possible for a

computer to be infected with new malware for which no

signature is yet known. To counter such so- called zero- daythreats, heuristics can be used.

Q9. Why do you think IDEs are useful in application

development?

Ans: IDEs are designed to maximize programmer

productivity by providing tightly-knit components with

similar user interfaces. This should mean that the

programmer has to do less mode switching versus using

discrete development programs. However, because an IDE is

a complicated piece of software by its very nature, this

higher productivity only occurs after a lengthy learning

process.

Typically an IDE is dedicated to a specificprogramming

language, allowing a feature set that most closely matches

the programming paradigms of the language. However,

there are some multiple-language IDEs, such

as Eclipse, ActiveState Komodo, IntelliJ IDEA, recent versions

ofNetBeans, Microsoft Visual Studio, WinDev, and Xcode.

Q10. What are different types of threats to computer security?

Ans: In Computer security a threat is a possible danger that

might exploit a vulnerability to breach security and thus

cause possible harm.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executable_codehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countermeasure_(computer)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-day_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-day_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heuristics#Computer_sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mode_switching&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_paradigmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eclipse_(software)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ActiveState_Komodohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IntelliJ_IDEAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetBeanshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Visual_Studiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WinDevhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xcodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_securityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dangerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulnerability_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executable_codehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countermeasure_(computer)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-day_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-day_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heuristics#Computer_sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mode_switching&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_paradigmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eclipse_(software)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ActiveState_Komodohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IntelliJ_IDEAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetBeanshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Visual_Studiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WinDevhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xcodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_securityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dangerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulnerability_(computing)


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Threats can be classified according to their type and origin: [2]

Type

Physical damage

fire

water

pollution

natural events

climatic

seismic

volcanic

loss of essential services

electrical power

air conditioning

telecommunication

compromise of information

eavesdropping,

theft of media

retrieval of discarded materials

technical failures

equipment

software

capacity saturation

compromise of functions

error in use

abuse of rights

denial of actions

Origin

Deliberate: aiming at information asset

spying

illegal processing of data

accidental

equipment failure

software failure


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environmental

natural event

loss of power supply

Q11. What type of damages can be caused by virus to your

computer?

Ans: Computer Virus are designed to disrupt or deny

operation, gather information that leads to loss of privacy or

exploitation, gain unauthorized access to system resources,

and other abusive behavior.

Q12.What are Malware? What type of damage can they cause to

your computer?

Ans: Malware, short for malicious software, consists of

programming (code, scripts, active content, and other

software) designed to disrupt or deny operation, gather

information that leads to loss of privacy or exploitation, gain

unauthorized access to system resources, and other abusive

behavior

Q13. What is a spam? Why has it become a big Internet issue?

Ans: Spam is the use ofelectronic messaging systems

(including most broadcast media, digital delivery systems) tosend unsolicited bulk messages indiscriminately. While the

most widely recognized form of spam is e-mail spam, the

term is applied to similar abuses in other media:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_messaginghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcast_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-mail_spamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_messaginghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcast_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-mail_spam


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Q14.What do you understand by PC intrusion?

Ans: Every PC connected to the internet is a potential target

for hackers. Computers are under constant attack from

cyber vandals. PC intrusion can occur in any of the followingform.

a. Sweeper Attack

b. Denial of Service

c. Password Guessing

Q15.What measure would you take to avoid:

a. Virus attack

b. Spyware

c. Adware

d. Spam

e. PC Intrusion

Ans:

a. Use Anti-Virus and Anti-Spyware software

b. Download Updates Regularly

c. Run Frequent Full-System scans

d. Use caution when downloading files on the internet

e. Be careful with email.

f. Disable cookies, if possible.

g. Keep your system up-to-date.


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Q16.What are denial-of-service and sweeper attacks?

Ans:

Denial of Services: this type of attack eats up all the

resources of a system and the system or application come to

a halt.

Sweeper Attacks: This is another malicious program used by

hackers. It sweeps i.e., deletes all the data from the system.

Q17.What is phishing?

Ans: It is criminally fraudulent process of attempting to

acquire sensitive information such as usernames, passwords,

credit card information, account data, etc.

Type C: Long Answer Questions

Q18. Discuss different types of utility software.

Ans: Few examples of utility software are as follows:

Compression utility software: Using this software, you

can reduce (compress) the storage size of any computer

program/file while not in use transfer either through internetor using storage devices like Pen Drive, CD or DVD.

Backup utility software: This utility software facilitates

you to take regular back-up of important files and folders


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stored in a drive into another storage device like a Pen drive

or CD or a DVD or another computer. This backup data can

be restored in case of any unforeseen situation.

Disk De-fragmentation Utility software: This simply

means that different parts of the file are scattered across the

hard drive in noncontiguous locations. This type of

fragmented file requires some extra time to access and

slows down the system. Disk de-fragmentation utility

software speeds up the system by rearranging such

fragmented files stored on a disk in contiguous locations in

order to optimize the system performance.

Antivirus detection and protection software: This utility

software provides the user with a virus free work

environment by restricting the entry of any unwanted

program into the system.

Text Editor: This utility software helps one to create, store

or edit a basic text file. A text file generally stores English

type text and can also store numeric and special characters

with little formatting.

Q19. What do you understand by computer security, various

threats to computer security and possible solution tocomputer security?

Ans: Computer Security commonly refers to as CIA (short

form of Confidentiality, Integrity and Authentication),


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protects our computer from any unauthorized access and

maintains the system resources. Precisely,

1) Confidentiality ensures protection of the computersystem from any unauthorized access

2) Integrity ensures that information stored in the

computer is protected

3) Authentication ensures the authenticity of the

authorized user

In Computer security a threat is a possible danger that

might exploit a vulnerability to breach security and thus

cause possible harm.

Possible solutionto Computer Security:

a. Use Anti-Virus and Anti-Spyware software

b. Download Updates Regularly

c. Run Frequent Full-System scans

d. Use caution when downloading files on the internet

e. Be careful with email.

f. Disable cookies, if possible.

g. Keep your system up-to-date.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_securityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dangerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulnerability_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_securityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dangerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulnerability_(computing)

Ch-2 Software Concept QueAns

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